Molecular characterization of a galactomannan extracted from Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) seeds
Abstract Tara gum (TG) is a polysaccharide extracted from the seeds of a South American tree called Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa). TG is a galactomannan with many applications in the food industry, mainly as an emulsifier and stabilizer agent. In addition, it is also used in the paper and cosmetic indu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49149-3 |
| _version_ | 1797388325894488064 |
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| author | Gabriela Ibieta Atma-Sol Bustos Jimena Ortiz-Sempértegui Javier A. Linares-Pastén J. Mauricio Peñarrieta |
| author_facet | Gabriela Ibieta Atma-Sol Bustos Jimena Ortiz-Sempértegui Javier A. Linares-Pastén J. Mauricio Peñarrieta |
| author_sort | Gabriela Ibieta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Tara gum (TG) is a polysaccharide extracted from the seeds of a South American tree called Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa). TG is a galactomannan with many applications in the food industry, mainly as an emulsifier and stabilizer agent. In addition, it is also used in the paper and cosmetic industries. In the present study, we performed a molecular characterization based on chemical composition and physicochemical properties to understand the properties behind TG applications. TG was extracted and purified from Tara seeds distributed in different ecoregions of Bolivia. The monosaccharide composition analysis was determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography/pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). At the same time, their molecular characteristics, such as molar mass, root-mean-square radius, hydrodynamic radius, conformation, and densities, were studied by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled to multi-angle light scattering refractive index (AF4-MALS-dRI), also the specific refractive index increment (dn/dc) was determined for the first time using AF4 for TG. The results revealed that the gum samples are galactomannans composed of mannose (Man) and galactose (Gal) in a ratio of 3.37 (Man/Gal), with an average molar mass range from 2.460 × 107 to 3.699 × 107 Da, distributed in a single population. The root-mean-square radius range from 260.4 to 281.6 nm, and dn/dc is 0.1454. The Kratky plots based on 14 scattering angles indicated that the conformation of all samples corresponds to random coil monodisperse, while their gyration radius/hydrodynamic radius ratio (ρ) is high. All these results suggest that the chains have a low branched density, consistent with the Gal/Man composition. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time an integrated physicochemical study of TG relevant to developing emulsifier and stabilizer formulations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:39:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2afe3747061342b7b909e9f98a598745 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:39:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-2afe3747061342b7b909e9f98a5987452023-12-17T12:17:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-12-0113111110.1038/s41598-023-49149-3Molecular characterization of a galactomannan extracted from Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) seedsGabriela Ibieta0Atma-Sol Bustos1Jimena Ortiz-Sempértegui2Javier A. Linares-Pastén3J. Mauricio Peñarrieta4Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund UniversityInstituto de Investigaciones Químicas IIQ, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSABiotechnology, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund UniversityBiotechnology, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund UniversityInstituto de Investigaciones Químicas IIQ, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSAAbstract Tara gum (TG) is a polysaccharide extracted from the seeds of a South American tree called Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa). TG is a galactomannan with many applications in the food industry, mainly as an emulsifier and stabilizer agent. In addition, it is also used in the paper and cosmetic industries. In the present study, we performed a molecular characterization based on chemical composition and physicochemical properties to understand the properties behind TG applications. TG was extracted and purified from Tara seeds distributed in different ecoregions of Bolivia. The monosaccharide composition analysis was determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography/pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). At the same time, their molecular characteristics, such as molar mass, root-mean-square radius, hydrodynamic radius, conformation, and densities, were studied by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled to multi-angle light scattering refractive index (AF4-MALS-dRI), also the specific refractive index increment (dn/dc) was determined for the first time using AF4 for TG. The results revealed that the gum samples are galactomannans composed of mannose (Man) and galactose (Gal) in a ratio of 3.37 (Man/Gal), with an average molar mass range from 2.460 × 107 to 3.699 × 107 Da, distributed in a single population. The root-mean-square radius range from 260.4 to 281.6 nm, and dn/dc is 0.1454. The Kratky plots based on 14 scattering angles indicated that the conformation of all samples corresponds to random coil monodisperse, while their gyration radius/hydrodynamic radius ratio (ρ) is high. All these results suggest that the chains have a low branched density, consistent with the Gal/Man composition. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time an integrated physicochemical study of TG relevant to developing emulsifier and stabilizer formulations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49149-3 |
| spellingShingle | Gabriela Ibieta Atma-Sol Bustos Jimena Ortiz-Sempértegui Javier A. Linares-Pastén J. Mauricio Peñarrieta Molecular characterization of a galactomannan extracted from Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) seeds Scientific Reports |
| title | Molecular characterization of a galactomannan extracted from Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) seeds |
| title_full | Molecular characterization of a galactomannan extracted from Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) seeds |
| title_fullStr | Molecular characterization of a galactomannan extracted from Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) seeds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular characterization of a galactomannan extracted from Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) seeds |
| title_short | Molecular characterization of a galactomannan extracted from Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) seeds |
| title_sort | molecular characterization of a galactomannan extracted from tara caesalpinia spinosa seeds |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49149-3 |
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