Novel Multifunctional Spherosilicate-Based Coupling Agents for Improved Bond Strength and Quality in Restorative Dentistry
The aim of this study was to investigate the restorative connections of composite materials after fracture, under controlled conditions of treating the materials with novel, spherosilicate-based (SS) primers bearing both methacryl (MA) and trimethoxysilyl (TMOS) groups. The chemistry of methacrylate...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/10/3451 |
| _version_ | 1797498308838555648 |
|---|---|
| author | Zbigniew Raszewski Dariusz Brząkalski Marek Jałbrzykowski Daria Pakuła Miłosz Frydrych Robert E. Przekop |
| author_facet | Zbigniew Raszewski Dariusz Brząkalski Marek Jałbrzykowski Daria Pakuła Miłosz Frydrych Robert E. Przekop |
| author_sort | Zbigniew Raszewski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to investigate the restorative connections of composite materials after fracture, under controlled conditions of treating the materials with novel, spherosilicate-based (SS) primers bearing both methacryl (MA) and trimethoxysilyl (TMOS) groups. The chemistry of methacrylate group insertion and reactive groups hydrolysis has been studied with the aid of <sup>1</sup>H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy. The light-cured resin composites were repaired by activating the connection site with the obtained primers and, for comparison, a silane (methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, MATMOS) as a conventional coupling agent bearing the same reactive groups. The resistance of such a joint was tested in a three-point bending test after 24 h and 28 days period of sample conditioning. The effect of bond application was also studied, showing that spherosilicate-based primers may be used more effectively than MATMOS for two-step (primer-composite) restorative process, while for silane, the three-step process with bond application is crucial for satisfactory joint quality. The joint failure mode was determined by microscopic analysis and it was found that SS-4MA-4TMOS and SS-2MA-6TMOS application resulted in mostly composite, and not joint, failure. After 28 days of conditioning, the flexural strength of the joint repaired with SS-4MA-4TMOS was at 94% of the neat, solid material under the same procedure. However, the strength of the neat composite was observed to decline during the conditioning process by ~30%. The joint behavior was explained on the basis of the gradual hydrolysis effect (the greatest decrease being observed for silane). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:31:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b048e59065a432882d2cd81d3ac16f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:31:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b048e59065a432882d2cd81d3ac16f32023-11-23T11:55:30ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-05-011510345110.3390/ma15103451Novel Multifunctional Spherosilicate-Based Coupling Agents for Improved Bond Strength and Quality in Restorative DentistryZbigniew Raszewski0Dariusz Brząkalski1Marek Jałbrzykowski2Daria Pakuła3Miłosz Frydrych4Robert E. Przekop5R&D, SpofaDental, Markova 238, 506-01 Jicin, Czech RepublicFaculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, PolandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 C, 15-351 Bialystok, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, PolandCentre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, PolandThe aim of this study was to investigate the restorative connections of composite materials after fracture, under controlled conditions of treating the materials with novel, spherosilicate-based (SS) primers bearing both methacryl (MA) and trimethoxysilyl (TMOS) groups. The chemistry of methacrylate group insertion and reactive groups hydrolysis has been studied with the aid of <sup>1</sup>H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy. The light-cured resin composites were repaired by activating the connection site with the obtained primers and, for comparison, a silane (methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, MATMOS) as a conventional coupling agent bearing the same reactive groups. The resistance of such a joint was tested in a three-point bending test after 24 h and 28 days period of sample conditioning. The effect of bond application was also studied, showing that spherosilicate-based primers may be used more effectively than MATMOS for two-step (primer-composite) restorative process, while for silane, the three-step process with bond application is crucial for satisfactory joint quality. The joint failure mode was determined by microscopic analysis and it was found that SS-4MA-4TMOS and SS-2MA-6TMOS application resulted in mostly composite, and not joint, failure. After 28 days of conditioning, the flexural strength of the joint repaired with SS-4MA-4TMOS was at 94% of the neat, solid material under the same procedure. However, the strength of the neat composite was observed to decline during the conditioning process by ~30%. The joint behavior was explained on the basis of the gradual hydrolysis effect (the greatest decrease being observed for silane).https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/10/3451adhesivecage siloxanelight curableoral medicinePOSSSSQ |
| spellingShingle | Zbigniew Raszewski Dariusz Brząkalski Marek Jałbrzykowski Daria Pakuła Miłosz Frydrych Robert E. Przekop Novel Multifunctional Spherosilicate-Based Coupling Agents for Improved Bond Strength and Quality in Restorative Dentistry Materials adhesive cage siloxane light curable oral medicine POSS SSQ |
| title | Novel Multifunctional Spherosilicate-Based Coupling Agents for Improved Bond Strength and Quality in Restorative Dentistry |
| title_full | Novel Multifunctional Spherosilicate-Based Coupling Agents for Improved Bond Strength and Quality in Restorative Dentistry |
| title_fullStr | Novel Multifunctional Spherosilicate-Based Coupling Agents for Improved Bond Strength and Quality in Restorative Dentistry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Multifunctional Spherosilicate-Based Coupling Agents for Improved Bond Strength and Quality in Restorative Dentistry |
| title_short | Novel Multifunctional Spherosilicate-Based Coupling Agents for Improved Bond Strength and Quality in Restorative Dentistry |
| title_sort | novel multifunctional spherosilicate based coupling agents for improved bond strength and quality in restorative dentistry |
| topic | adhesive cage siloxane light curable oral medicine POSS SSQ |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/10/3451 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zbigniewraszewski novelmultifunctionalspherosilicatebasedcouplingagentsforimprovedbondstrengthandqualityinrestorativedentistry AT dariuszbrzakalski novelmultifunctionalspherosilicatebasedcouplingagentsforimprovedbondstrengthandqualityinrestorativedentistry AT marekjałbrzykowski novelmultifunctionalspherosilicatebasedcouplingagentsforimprovedbondstrengthandqualityinrestorativedentistry AT dariapakuła novelmultifunctionalspherosilicatebasedcouplingagentsforimprovedbondstrengthandqualityinrestorativedentistry AT miłoszfrydrych novelmultifunctionalspherosilicatebasedcouplingagentsforimprovedbondstrengthandqualityinrestorativedentistry AT roberteprzekop novelmultifunctionalspherosilicatebasedcouplingagentsforimprovedbondstrengthandqualityinrestorativedentistry |