Glycan Analysis as Biomarkers for Testicular Cancer
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force does not recommend routine screening for testicular cancer (TC) in asymptomatic men, essentially because serological testicular cancer (TC) biomarkers are not reliable. The main reason is that two of the most important TC biomarkers, α-fetoprotein (AF...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/9/4/156 |
| _version_ | 1818037165396852736 |
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| author | Michal Hires Eduard Jane Michal Mego Michal Chovanec Peter Kasak Jan Tkac |
| author_facet | Michal Hires Eduard Jane Michal Mego Michal Chovanec Peter Kasak Jan Tkac |
| author_sort | Michal Hires |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force does not recommend routine screening for testicular cancer (TC) in asymptomatic men, essentially because serological testicular cancer (TC) biomarkers are not reliable. The main reason is that two of the most important TC biomarkers, α-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), are not produced solely due to TC. Moreover, up to 40% of patients with TC do not have elevated serological biomarkers, which is why serial imaging with CT is the chief means of monitoring progress. On the other hand, exposure to radiation can lead to an increased risk of secondary malignancies. This review provides the first comprehensive account of the applicability of protein glycoprofiling as a promising biomarker for TC with applications in disease diagnostics, monitoring and recurrence evaluation. The review first deals with the description and classification of TC. Secondly, the limitations of current TC biomarkers such as hCG, AFP and lactate dehydrogenase are provided together with an extensive overview of the glycosylation of hCG and AFP related to TC. The final part of the review summarises the potential of glycan changes on either hCG and AFP as TC biomarkers for diagnostics and prognostics purposes, and for disease recurrence evaluation. Finally, an analysis of glycans in serum and tissues as TC biomarkers is also provided. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:22:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b07a5720bb546fbaff497ed8f1f80e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:22:30Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b07a5720bb546fbaff497ed8f1f80e62022-12-22T01:57:47ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182019-10-019415610.3390/diagnostics9040156diagnostics9040156Glycan Analysis as Biomarkers for Testicular CancerMichal Hires0Eduard Jane1Michal Mego2Michal Chovanec3Peter Kasak4Jan Tkac5Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, SlovakiaTranslational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10 Bratislava, SlovakiaTranslational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10 Bratislava, SlovakiaCenter for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, QatarInstitute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, SlovakiaThe U.S. Preventive Services Task Force does not recommend routine screening for testicular cancer (TC) in asymptomatic men, essentially because serological testicular cancer (TC) biomarkers are not reliable. The main reason is that two of the most important TC biomarkers, α-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), are not produced solely due to TC. Moreover, up to 40% of patients with TC do not have elevated serological biomarkers, which is why serial imaging with CT is the chief means of monitoring progress. On the other hand, exposure to radiation can lead to an increased risk of secondary malignancies. This review provides the first comprehensive account of the applicability of protein glycoprofiling as a promising biomarker for TC with applications in disease diagnostics, monitoring and recurrence evaluation. The review first deals with the description and classification of TC. Secondly, the limitations of current TC biomarkers such as hCG, AFP and lactate dehydrogenase are provided together with an extensive overview of the glycosylation of hCG and AFP related to TC. The final part of the review summarises the potential of glycan changes on either hCG and AFP as TC biomarkers for diagnostics and prognostics purposes, and for disease recurrence evaluation. Finally, an analysis of glycans in serum and tissues as TC biomarkers is also provided.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/9/4/156testicular cancerglycosylationlectinsglycansbiomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Michal Hires Eduard Jane Michal Mego Michal Chovanec Peter Kasak Jan Tkac Glycan Analysis as Biomarkers for Testicular Cancer Diagnostics testicular cancer glycosylation lectins glycans biomarkers |
| title | Glycan Analysis as Biomarkers for Testicular Cancer |
| title_full | Glycan Analysis as Biomarkers for Testicular Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Glycan Analysis as Biomarkers for Testicular Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glycan Analysis as Biomarkers for Testicular Cancer |
| title_short | Glycan Analysis as Biomarkers for Testicular Cancer |
| title_sort | glycan analysis as biomarkers for testicular cancer |
| topic | testicular cancer glycosylation lectins glycans biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/9/4/156 |
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