Immunohistochemical localisation of Glutamate ammonia ligase (GLUL) in cerebrum in different clinical forms of canine rabies
Rabies, one of the earliest known diseases reported in the history of mankind, is a fatal acute viral disease of the central nervous system. Despite numerous studies on etiology of rabies, its exact mechanism of neuropathogenesis remains unidentified. Glutamate ammonia ligase (GLUL) is a protein pre...
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Director of Academics and Research, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://jvas.in/public_html/upload/article_file/article_file_s1s8vk.pdf?t=s1s8vk |
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| author | P. Nikhithasree C. Divya M.L. Arya Nair K. Krithiga K.S. Prasanna Lali F. Anand John Bernet Johnson |
| author_facet | P. Nikhithasree C. Divya M.L. Arya Nair K. Krithiga K.S. Prasanna Lali F. Anand John Bernet Johnson |
| author_sort | P. Nikhithasree |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rabies, one of the earliest known diseases reported in the history of mankind, is a fatal acute viral disease of the central nervous system. Despite numerous studies on etiology of rabies, its exact mechanism of neuropathogenesis remains unidentified. Glutamate ammonia ligase (GLUL) is a protein present in brain which play an important role in the pathogenesis of many neurological conditions. GLUL was identified to be over expressed in brain of human rabies. Cerebral cortex is the part of brain primarily responsible for coordination of movements and behaviour in animals and humans. Hence the work was designed to study the immunohistochemical localisation of GLUL in cerebrum in rabid carcasses in order to elucidate its role in the pathology of this deadly viral infection. The carcasses of 219 rabies suspected dogs that were brought to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, CVAS, Mannuthy, for necropsy between January 2021 and August 2022 formed the materials for the study. One hundred and thirty-three cases were found positive for rabies using the gold standard test for rabies - Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test (dFAT) which was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction targeting N gene with amplicon size 533 bp. Among these 133 confirmed cases, 30 selected samples (frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal lobes of cerebrum) were further processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies. The IHC signals of GLUL obtained were compared with the clinical form of rabies. Immunohistochemical staining revealed localisation of GLUL in glial cells with different staining intensity in encephalitic and paralytic form of rabies. The study concluded that the IHC signals for GLUL were stronger for furious form of rabies and weak for dumb form of the disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:47:45Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0971-0701 2582-0605 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:47:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Director of Academics and Research, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b0c7c9432db49e9b4085a76d9c618e42024-01-11T05:51:02ZengDirector of Academics and Research, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityJournal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences0971-07012582-06052023-09-0153362963510.51966/jvas.2023.54.3.629-635Immunohistochemical localisation of Glutamate ammonia ligase (GLUL) in cerebrum in different clinical forms of canine rabiesP. Nikhithasree 0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0477-949XC. Divya1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6145-2161M.L. Arya Nair2https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9226-1012K. Krithiga3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6269-3146K.S. Prasanna 4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1434-689XLali F. Anand5John Bernet Johnson6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4287-4489MVSc Scholar, Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur- 680 651, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Kerala, IndiaAssistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur- 680 651, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Kerala, IndiaMVSc Scholar, Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur- 680 651, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Kerala, IndiaAssistant Professor, Bioscience Research and Training Centre, Thonnakkal, ThiruvananthapuramAssistant Professor and Head (i/c), Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur- 680 651, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Kerala, IndiaAssistant Professor, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad-673576, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Kerala, IndiaScientist E- l, Pathogen biology lab RGCB, ThiruvananthapuramRabies, one of the earliest known diseases reported in the history of mankind, is a fatal acute viral disease of the central nervous system. Despite numerous studies on etiology of rabies, its exact mechanism of neuropathogenesis remains unidentified. Glutamate ammonia ligase (GLUL) is a protein present in brain which play an important role in the pathogenesis of many neurological conditions. GLUL was identified to be over expressed in brain of human rabies. Cerebral cortex is the part of brain primarily responsible for coordination of movements and behaviour in animals and humans. Hence the work was designed to study the immunohistochemical localisation of GLUL in cerebrum in rabid carcasses in order to elucidate its role in the pathology of this deadly viral infection. The carcasses of 219 rabies suspected dogs that were brought to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, CVAS, Mannuthy, for necropsy between January 2021 and August 2022 formed the materials for the study. One hundred and thirty-three cases were found positive for rabies using the gold standard test for rabies - Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test (dFAT) which was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction targeting N gene with amplicon size 533 bp. Among these 133 confirmed cases, 30 selected samples (frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal lobes of cerebrum) were further processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies. The IHC signals of GLUL obtained were compared with the clinical form of rabies. Immunohistochemical staining revealed localisation of GLUL in glial cells with different staining intensity in encephalitic and paralytic form of rabies. The study concluded that the IHC signals for GLUL were stronger for furious form of rabies and weak for dumb form of the disease.https://jvas.in/public_html/upload/article_file/article_file_s1s8vk.pdf?t=s1s8vkrabiescerebrumimmunofluorescenceimmunohistochemistryglul |
| spellingShingle | P. Nikhithasree C. Divya M.L. Arya Nair K. Krithiga K.S. Prasanna Lali F. Anand John Bernet Johnson Immunohistochemical localisation of Glutamate ammonia ligase (GLUL) in cerebrum in different clinical forms of canine rabies Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences rabies cerebrum immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry glul |
| title | Immunohistochemical localisation of Glutamate ammonia ligase (GLUL) in cerebrum in different clinical forms of canine rabies |
| title_full | Immunohistochemical localisation of Glutamate ammonia ligase (GLUL) in cerebrum in different clinical forms of canine rabies |
| title_fullStr | Immunohistochemical localisation of Glutamate ammonia ligase (GLUL) in cerebrum in different clinical forms of canine rabies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunohistochemical localisation of Glutamate ammonia ligase (GLUL) in cerebrum in different clinical forms of canine rabies |
| title_short | Immunohistochemical localisation of Glutamate ammonia ligase (GLUL) in cerebrum in different clinical forms of canine rabies |
| title_sort | immunohistochemical localisation of glutamate ammonia ligase glul in cerebrum in different clinical forms of canine rabies |
| topic | rabies cerebrum immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry glul |
| url | https://jvas.in/public_html/upload/article_file/article_file_s1s8vk.pdf?t=s1s8vk |
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