The Essential Role of Tick Salivary Glands and Saliva in Tick Feeding and Pathogen Transmission
As long-term pool feeders, ticks have developed myriad strategies to remain discreetly but solidly attached to their hosts for the duration of their blood meal. The critical biological material that dampens host defenses and facilitates the flow of blood—thus assuring adequate feeding—is tick saliva...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00281/full |
| _version_ | 1818543474988810240 |
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| author | Ladislav Šimo Maria Kazimirova Jennifer Richardson Sarah I. Bonnet |
| author_facet | Ladislav Šimo Maria Kazimirova Jennifer Richardson Sarah I. Bonnet |
| author_sort | Ladislav Šimo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As long-term pool feeders, ticks have developed myriad strategies to remain discreetly but solidly attached to their hosts for the duration of their blood meal. The critical biological material that dampens host defenses and facilitates the flow of blood—thus assuring adequate feeding—is tick saliva. Saliva exhibits cytolytic, vasodilator, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activity. This essential fluid is secreted by the salivary glands, which also mediate several other biological functions, including secretion of cement and hygroscopic components, as well as the watery component of blood as regards hard ticks. When salivary glands are invaded by tick-borne pathogens, pathogens may be transmitted via saliva, which is injected alternately with blood uptake during the tick bite. Both salivary glands and saliva thus play a key role in transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to vertebrate hosts. During their long co-evolution with ticks and vertebrate hosts, microorganisms have indeed developed various strategies to exploit tick salivary molecules to ensure both acquisition by ticks and transmission, local infection and systemic dissemination within the vertebrate host. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:35:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b0ca35e5a8d42cfac741c6ed6386931 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:35:52Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b0ca35e5a8d42cfac741c6ed63869312022-12-22T00:47:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882017-06-01710.3389/fcimb.2017.00281275348The Essential Role of Tick Salivary Glands and Saliva in Tick Feeding and Pathogen TransmissionLadislav Šimo0Maria Kazimirova1Jennifer Richardson2Sarah I. Bonnet3UMR BIPAR, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-EstMaisons-Alfort, FranceInstitute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava, SlovakiaUMR Virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-EstMaisons-Alfort, FranceUMR BIPAR, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-EstMaisons-Alfort, FranceAs long-term pool feeders, ticks have developed myriad strategies to remain discreetly but solidly attached to their hosts for the duration of their blood meal. The critical biological material that dampens host defenses and facilitates the flow of blood—thus assuring adequate feeding—is tick saliva. Saliva exhibits cytolytic, vasodilator, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activity. This essential fluid is secreted by the salivary glands, which also mediate several other biological functions, including secretion of cement and hygroscopic components, as well as the watery component of blood as regards hard ticks. When salivary glands are invaded by tick-borne pathogens, pathogens may be transmitted via saliva, which is injected alternately with blood uptake during the tick bite. Both salivary glands and saliva thus play a key role in transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to vertebrate hosts. During their long co-evolution with ticks and vertebrate hosts, microorganisms have indeed developed various strategies to exploit tick salivary molecules to ensure both acquisition by ticks and transmission, local infection and systemic dissemination within the vertebrate host.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00281/fulltickstick salivatick-borne pathogenstick salivary glands |
| spellingShingle | Ladislav Šimo Maria Kazimirova Jennifer Richardson Sarah I. Bonnet The Essential Role of Tick Salivary Glands and Saliva in Tick Feeding and Pathogen Transmission Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ticks tick saliva tick-borne pathogens tick salivary glands |
| title | The Essential Role of Tick Salivary Glands and Saliva in Tick Feeding and Pathogen Transmission |
| title_full | The Essential Role of Tick Salivary Glands and Saliva in Tick Feeding and Pathogen Transmission |
| title_fullStr | The Essential Role of Tick Salivary Glands and Saliva in Tick Feeding and Pathogen Transmission |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Essential Role of Tick Salivary Glands and Saliva in Tick Feeding and Pathogen Transmission |
| title_short | The Essential Role of Tick Salivary Glands and Saliva in Tick Feeding and Pathogen Transmission |
| title_sort | essential role of tick salivary glands and saliva in tick feeding and pathogen transmission |
| topic | ticks tick saliva tick-borne pathogens tick salivary glands |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00281/full |
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