Immune System Regulation in the Induction of Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibodies
In this brief review, we discuss immune tolerance as a factor that determines the magnitude and quality of serum antibody responses to HIV-1 infection and vaccination in the context of recent work. We propose that many conserved, neutralizing epitopes of HIV-1 are weakly immunogenic because they mi...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2013-12-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/2/1/1 |
| _version_ | 1798043480413437952 |
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| author | Garnett Kelsoe Laurent Verkoczy Barton F. Haynes |
| author_facet | Garnett Kelsoe Laurent Verkoczy Barton F. Haynes |
| author_sort | Garnett Kelsoe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this brief review, we discuss immune tolerance as a factor that determines the magnitude and quality of serum antibody responses to HIV-1 infection and vaccination in the context of recent work. We propose that many conserved, neutralizing epitopes of HIV-1 are weakly immunogenic because they mimic host antigens. In consequence, B cells that strongly bind these determinants are removed by the physiological process of immune tolerance. This structural mimicry may represent a significant impediment to designing protective HIV-1 vaccines, but we note that several vaccine strategies may be able to mitigate this evolutionary adaptation of HIV and other microbial pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:50:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b13eac62cb64e7fad4799ee5c25df86 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:50:38Z |
| publishDate | 2013-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b13eac62cb64e7fad4799ee5c25df862022-12-22T03:58:36ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2013-12-012111410.3390/vaccines2010001vaccines2010001Immune System Regulation in the Induction of Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 AntibodiesGarnett Kelsoe0Laurent Verkoczy1Barton F. Haynes2Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USAThe Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USADepartment of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USAIn this brief review, we discuss immune tolerance as a factor that determines the magnitude and quality of serum antibody responses to HIV-1 infection and vaccination in the context of recent work. We propose that many conserved, neutralizing epitopes of HIV-1 are weakly immunogenic because they mimic host antigens. In consequence, B cells that strongly bind these determinants are removed by the physiological process of immune tolerance. This structural mimicry may represent a significant impediment to designing protective HIV-1 vaccines, but we note that several vaccine strategies may be able to mitigate this evolutionary adaptation of HIV and other microbial pathogens.http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/2/1/1HIV-1 vaccinesimmune tolerancebroadly neutralizing antibodyB-cell lineage designHIV-1 vaccine strategy |
| spellingShingle | Garnett Kelsoe Laurent Verkoczy Barton F. Haynes Immune System Regulation in the Induction of Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibodies Vaccines HIV-1 vaccines immune tolerance broadly neutralizing antibody B-cell lineage design HIV-1 vaccine strategy |
| title | Immune System Regulation in the Induction of Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibodies |
| title_full | Immune System Regulation in the Induction of Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibodies |
| title_fullStr | Immune System Regulation in the Induction of Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibodies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune System Regulation in the Induction of Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibodies |
| title_short | Immune System Regulation in the Induction of Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibodies |
| title_sort | immune system regulation in the induction of broadly neutralizing hiv 1 antibodies |
| topic | HIV-1 vaccines immune tolerance broadly neutralizing antibody B-cell lineage design HIV-1 vaccine strategy |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/2/1/1 |
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