Increasing Atmospheric Aridity Moderates the Accelerated Rate of Vegetation Green-Up Induced by Rising CO<sub>2</sub> and Warming
The rate of vegetation green-up (RVG) indicates the ability of vegetation to respond to changes in climatic conditions. Understanding long-term RVG trends can clarify the changes in how quickly the vegetation grows from dormancy to maturity with time. However, how RVG trends respond to environmental...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3946 |
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| author | Haibo Gong Li Cao Fusheng Jiao Huiyu Liu Mingyang Zhang Jialin Yi Xiaojuan Xu |
| author_facet | Haibo Gong Li Cao Fusheng Jiao Huiyu Liu Mingyang Zhang Jialin Yi Xiaojuan Xu |
| author_sort | Haibo Gong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rate of vegetation green-up (RVG) indicates the ability of vegetation to respond to changes in climatic conditions. Understanding long-term RVG trends can clarify the changes in how quickly the vegetation grows from dormancy to maturity with time. However, how RVG trends respond to environmental variables and variable interactions remains unknown. We examined the long-term RVG trends (1981–2018) over the northern extratropics and determined the influence of environment variables and interactions between variables on the RVG trends based on the Global Land Surface Satellite leaf area index and a multivariable regression considering interactions between variables (MRCI). Our results showed a persistent increase in RVG at 0.020% (8-day)<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> over the entire region. Except for shrublands (−0.032% (8-day)<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>), RVG trends increased significantly, particularly in woody savannas (0.095% (8-day)<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>) and mixed forests (0.076% (8-day)<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>). The relative importance of interactive effects (<i>RI<sub>IAE</sub></i>) to the RVG trends is roughly 30%. Rising CO<sub>2</sub>, enhanced vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and warming are the primary factors affecting the RVG trends, both at the pixel and the biome scales. The accelerated RVG is triggered by both rising CO<sub>2</sub> and warming but is partially offset by increased VPD. Our findings shed light on the relative contribution of variable interactions and assessed the relationship between environmental factors and RVG trends across different biomes, hence strengthening our knowledge of vegetation spring green-up in response to global change. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:49:44Z |
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| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:49:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b195aceb1824e40a47580c41c2bdf662023-12-02T00:14:59ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-08-011416394610.3390/rs14163946Increasing Atmospheric Aridity Moderates the Accelerated Rate of Vegetation Green-Up Induced by Rising CO<sub>2</sub> and WarmingHaibo Gong0Li Cao1Fusheng Jiao2Huiyu Liu3Mingyang Zhang4Jialin Yi5Xiaojuan Xu6College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaCollege of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaCollege of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaCollege of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, ChinaCollege of Land Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaNanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, ChinaThe rate of vegetation green-up (RVG) indicates the ability of vegetation to respond to changes in climatic conditions. Understanding long-term RVG trends can clarify the changes in how quickly the vegetation grows from dormancy to maturity with time. However, how RVG trends respond to environmental variables and variable interactions remains unknown. We examined the long-term RVG trends (1981–2018) over the northern extratropics and determined the influence of environment variables and interactions between variables on the RVG trends based on the Global Land Surface Satellite leaf area index and a multivariable regression considering interactions between variables (MRCI). Our results showed a persistent increase in RVG at 0.020% (8-day)<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> over the entire region. Except for shrublands (−0.032% (8-day)<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>), RVG trends increased significantly, particularly in woody savannas (0.095% (8-day)<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>) and mixed forests (0.076% (8-day)<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>). The relative importance of interactive effects (<i>RI<sub>IAE</sub></i>) to the RVG trends is roughly 30%. Rising CO<sub>2</sub>, enhanced vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and warming are the primary factors affecting the RVG trends, both at the pixel and the biome scales. The accelerated RVG is triggered by both rising CO<sub>2</sub> and warming but is partially offset by increased VPD. Our findings shed light on the relative contribution of variable interactions and assessed the relationship between environmental factors and RVG trends across different biomes, hence strengthening our knowledge of vegetation spring green-up in response to global change.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3946climate changerate of vegetation green-up trendsphenologymultiple linear regressionvapor pressure deficit |
| spellingShingle | Haibo Gong Li Cao Fusheng Jiao Huiyu Liu Mingyang Zhang Jialin Yi Xiaojuan Xu Increasing Atmospheric Aridity Moderates the Accelerated Rate of Vegetation Green-Up Induced by Rising CO<sub>2</sub> and Warming Remote Sensing climate change rate of vegetation green-up trends phenology multiple linear regression vapor pressure deficit |
| title | Increasing Atmospheric Aridity Moderates the Accelerated Rate of Vegetation Green-Up Induced by Rising CO<sub>2</sub> and Warming |
| title_full | Increasing Atmospheric Aridity Moderates the Accelerated Rate of Vegetation Green-Up Induced by Rising CO<sub>2</sub> and Warming |
| title_fullStr | Increasing Atmospheric Aridity Moderates the Accelerated Rate of Vegetation Green-Up Induced by Rising CO<sub>2</sub> and Warming |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increasing Atmospheric Aridity Moderates the Accelerated Rate of Vegetation Green-Up Induced by Rising CO<sub>2</sub> and Warming |
| title_short | Increasing Atmospheric Aridity Moderates the Accelerated Rate of Vegetation Green-Up Induced by Rising CO<sub>2</sub> and Warming |
| title_sort | increasing atmospheric aridity moderates the accelerated rate of vegetation green up induced by rising co sub 2 sub and warming |
| topic | climate change rate of vegetation green-up trends phenology multiple linear regression vapor pressure deficit |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/16/3946 |
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