The development of reading comprehension ability of Chinese Heritage Language (CHL) learners in Indonesia
Abstract This study investigates the evolution of reading comprehension abilities in Indonesian learners of the Chinese Heritage Language (CHL), by comparing their scores on the Chinese Proficiency Test, a test specifically designed for CHL learners. A total of 275 candidates, divided into early ado...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Language Testing in Asia |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-024-00276-2 |
| _version_ | 1797273578338516992 |
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| author | Qinling Zhou Fengjiao Du Yueli Lu Hanwei Wang Herman Shunzhi Yang |
| author_facet | Qinling Zhou Fengjiao Du Yueli Lu Hanwei Wang Herman Shunzhi Yang |
| author_sort | Qinling Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study investigates the evolution of reading comprehension abilities in Indonesian learners of the Chinese Heritage Language (CHL), by comparing their scores on the Chinese Proficiency Test, a test specifically designed for CHL learners. A total of 275 candidates, divided into early adolescent (M age = 13.56), late adolescent (M age = 15.78), and adult (M age = 22.83) groups, were evaluated on four dimensions of reading comprehension: orthographic knowledge, vocabulary knowledge, syntactic awareness, and discourse comprehension. A detailed cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of these four dimensions was conducted across the three groups. The results indicate that horizontally, the order of the four dimensions is orthographic knowledge > vocabulary knowledge > syntactic awareness > discourse comprehension, with significant differences observed in all dimensions. During adolescence, orthographic knowledge is significantly higher than vocabulary knowledge, while in adulthood, vocabulary knowledge is significantly higher than syntactic awareness, and syntactic awareness is significantly higher than discourse comprehension. Longitudinally, reading comprehension abilities appear to stall across adolescence in three dimensions (vocabulary knowledge, syntactic awareness, and discourse comprehension), with a decline in one dimension (orthographic knowledge) occurring in late adolescence. However, the adult group shows improvement in all four dimensions compared to the late adolescence group. Considering both longitudinal and cross-sectional results, the developmental order of reading skills in Indonesian CHL learners is orthographic knowledge, vocabulary knowledge, syntactic awareness, and discourse comprehension. The main developmental peak for orthographic knowledge to vocabulary knowledge occurs in adolescence, while the major developmental peak for vocabulary knowledge to syntactic awareness and for syntactic awareness to discourse comprehension occurs in adulthood. The results suggest that reading comprehension improves significantly upon reaching adulthood in Indonesian. By understanding the trajectory of reading comprehension abilities in Indonesian CHL learners, this study can provide effective suggestions for Indonesian CHL learners and educators, and may also serve as a reference for other heritage languages. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:46:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b249a42e1e44c9884afbbdf0fca3a45 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2229-0443 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:46:25Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Language Testing in Asia |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b249a42e1e44c9884afbbdf0fca3a452024-03-05T19:56:17ZengSpringerOpenLanguage Testing in Asia2229-04432024-03-0114112610.1186/s40468-024-00276-2The development of reading comprehension ability of Chinese Heritage Language (CHL) learners in IndonesiaQinling Zhou0Fengjiao Du1Yueli Lu2Hanwei Wang3Herman4Shunzhi Yang5College of Chinese Language and Culture, Jinan UniversityCollege of Chinese Language and Culture, Jinan UniversityCollege of Chinese Language and Culture, Jinan UniversityCollege of Chinese Language and Culture, Jinan UniversityFaculty of Education, Language, and Culture, Universitas UniversalInstitute of Applied Artificial Intelligence of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen Polytechnic UniversityAbstract This study investigates the evolution of reading comprehension abilities in Indonesian learners of the Chinese Heritage Language (CHL), by comparing their scores on the Chinese Proficiency Test, a test specifically designed for CHL learners. A total of 275 candidates, divided into early adolescent (M age = 13.56), late adolescent (M age = 15.78), and adult (M age = 22.83) groups, were evaluated on four dimensions of reading comprehension: orthographic knowledge, vocabulary knowledge, syntactic awareness, and discourse comprehension. A detailed cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of these four dimensions was conducted across the three groups. The results indicate that horizontally, the order of the four dimensions is orthographic knowledge > vocabulary knowledge > syntactic awareness > discourse comprehension, with significant differences observed in all dimensions. During adolescence, orthographic knowledge is significantly higher than vocabulary knowledge, while in adulthood, vocabulary knowledge is significantly higher than syntactic awareness, and syntactic awareness is significantly higher than discourse comprehension. Longitudinally, reading comprehension abilities appear to stall across adolescence in three dimensions (vocabulary knowledge, syntactic awareness, and discourse comprehension), with a decline in one dimension (orthographic knowledge) occurring in late adolescence. However, the adult group shows improvement in all four dimensions compared to the late adolescence group. Considering both longitudinal and cross-sectional results, the developmental order of reading skills in Indonesian CHL learners is orthographic knowledge, vocabulary knowledge, syntactic awareness, and discourse comprehension. The main developmental peak for orthographic knowledge to vocabulary knowledge occurs in adolescence, while the major developmental peak for vocabulary knowledge to syntactic awareness and for syntactic awareness to discourse comprehension occurs in adulthood. The results suggest that reading comprehension improves significantly upon reaching adulthood in Indonesian. By understanding the trajectory of reading comprehension abilities in Indonesian CHL learners, this study can provide effective suggestions for Indonesian CHL learners and educators, and may also serve as a reference for other heritage languages.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-024-00276-2Reading comprehensionIndonesianChinese Heritage LanguageChinese Proficiency Test |
| spellingShingle | Qinling Zhou Fengjiao Du Yueli Lu Hanwei Wang Herman Shunzhi Yang The development of reading comprehension ability of Chinese Heritage Language (CHL) learners in Indonesia Language Testing in Asia Reading comprehension Indonesian Chinese Heritage Language Chinese Proficiency Test |
| title | The development of reading comprehension ability of Chinese Heritage Language (CHL) learners in Indonesia |
| title_full | The development of reading comprehension ability of Chinese Heritage Language (CHL) learners in Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | The development of reading comprehension ability of Chinese Heritage Language (CHL) learners in Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | The development of reading comprehension ability of Chinese Heritage Language (CHL) learners in Indonesia |
| title_short | The development of reading comprehension ability of Chinese Heritage Language (CHL) learners in Indonesia |
| title_sort | development of reading comprehension ability of chinese heritage language chl learners in indonesia |
| topic | Reading comprehension Indonesian Chinese Heritage Language Chinese Proficiency Test |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-024-00276-2 |
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