An overview of the (eco)toxicological effects of flame retardants emerging in water and sediment
Flame retardants (FRs) that have an adverse effect on human and the environment have been subject to regulation since 1972. However, FRs emerging as a replacement, are not proving to be fully environmentally safe. Water and sediment contamination by FRs, including organophosphorus (OPFRs) and novel...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Polish Academy of Sciences
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Water and Land Development |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.pan.pl/Content/129975/2023-04-JWLD-06.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827380765643505664 |
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| author | Adriana M. Dowbysz Mariola Samsonowicz Bożena Kukfisz |
| author_facet | Adriana M. Dowbysz Mariola Samsonowicz Bożena Kukfisz |
| author_sort | Adriana M. Dowbysz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flame retardants (FRs) that have an adverse effect on human and the environment have been subject to regulation since 1972. However, FRs emerging as a replacement, are not proving to be fully environmentally safe. Water and sediment contamination by FRs, including organophosphorus (OPFRs) and novel brominated (NBFRs) ones, is a matter of major concern. Due to their common usage, many release sources, and relatively high mobility, they pose a threat to aquatic organisms and ecosystems. This review summarises studies on the OPFRs’, and NBFRs’ simultaneous occurrence in water and corresponding sediment. The main sources of occurrence and routes of entry of FRs into the environment are presented. The newest reports on the ecotoxicity of selected FRs had been summarised in order to bring the matter to attention. The research revealed that although great efforts had been made to study the occurrence of OPFRs and NBFRs in water and sediment separately, there is a lack of research on their occurrence in both media in the same area. Although major efforts have been made to study the ecotoxicity of OPFRs, there are some deficiencies for the NBFRs. Considering their relatively high ecotoxicity, further studies should be conducted on joint ecotoxicity, which may cause synergistic or antagonistic effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:39:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b29f4581d464a4089164cacd3537646 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2083-4535 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:39:02Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Polish Academy of Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Water and Land Development |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b29f4581d464a4089164cacd35376462024-01-16T11:56:59ZengPolish Academy of SciencesJournal of Water and Land Development2083-45352024-01-01No 594449https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2023.147227An overview of the (eco)toxicological effects of flame retardants emerging in water and sedimentAdriana M. Dowbysz0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8193-7051Mariola Samsonowicz1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4981-0779Bożena Kukfisz2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5049-7316Bialystok University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, 45E Wiejska St, 15-351, Bialystok, PolandBialystok University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, 45E Wiejska St, 15-351, Bialystok, PolandFire University, Institute of Safety Engineering, Warsaw, PolandFlame retardants (FRs) that have an adverse effect on human and the environment have been subject to regulation since 1972. However, FRs emerging as a replacement, are not proving to be fully environmentally safe. Water and sediment contamination by FRs, including organophosphorus (OPFRs) and novel brominated (NBFRs) ones, is a matter of major concern. Due to their common usage, many release sources, and relatively high mobility, they pose a threat to aquatic organisms and ecosystems. This review summarises studies on the OPFRs’, and NBFRs’ simultaneous occurrence in water and corresponding sediment. The main sources of occurrence and routes of entry of FRs into the environment are presented. The newest reports on the ecotoxicity of selected FRs had been summarised in order to bring the matter to attention. The research revealed that although great efforts had been made to study the occurrence of OPFRs and NBFRs in water and sediment separately, there is a lack of research on their occurrence in both media in the same area. Although major efforts have been made to study the ecotoxicity of OPFRs, there are some deficiencies for the NBFRs. Considering their relatively high ecotoxicity, further studies should be conducted on joint ecotoxicity, which may cause synergistic or antagonistic effects.https://journals.pan.pl/Content/129975/2023-04-JWLD-06.pdforganophosphorus flame retardantsnovel brominated flame retardantsecotoxicitywatersediment |
| spellingShingle | Adriana M. Dowbysz Mariola Samsonowicz Bożena Kukfisz An overview of the (eco)toxicological effects of flame retardants emerging in water and sediment Journal of Water and Land Development organophosphorus flame retardants novel brominated flame retardants ecotoxicity water sediment |
| title | An overview of the (eco)toxicological effects of flame retardants emerging in water and sediment |
| title_full | An overview of the (eco)toxicological effects of flame retardants emerging in water and sediment |
| title_fullStr | An overview of the (eco)toxicological effects of flame retardants emerging in water and sediment |
| title_full_unstemmed | An overview of the (eco)toxicological effects of flame retardants emerging in water and sediment |
| title_short | An overview of the (eco)toxicological effects of flame retardants emerging in water and sediment |
| title_sort | overview of the eco toxicological effects of flame retardants emerging in water and sediment |
| topic | organophosphorus flame retardants novel brominated flame retardants ecotoxicity water sediment |
| url | https://journals.pan.pl/Content/129975/2023-04-JWLD-06.pdf |
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