The Chloroform Extracts of Vietnamese <i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait. Inhibit the Proliferation of HepG2 Cells through Apoptosis Induction
The present study evaluated the effects of <i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait. root extract on the proliferation of human hepatoma cell line HepG2. HPLC-UV analysis showed that the highest matrine and oxymatrine contents were obtained in the chloroform extract, compared to ethanol extract and...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/12/5906 |
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| author | Cao Ngoc Minh Trang Ho Nguyen Quynh Chi Nguyen Khac Manh Hoang Nghia Son Dai-Nghiep Ngo Le Thanh Long |
| author_facet | Cao Ngoc Minh Trang Ho Nguyen Quynh Chi Nguyen Khac Manh Hoang Nghia Son Dai-Nghiep Ngo Le Thanh Long |
| author_sort | Cao Ngoc Minh Trang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study evaluated the effects of <i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait. root extract on the proliferation of human hepatoma cell line HepG2. HPLC-UV analysis showed that the highest matrine and oxymatrine contents were obtained in the chloroform extract, compared to ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract. The morphological analysis revealed that the chloroform extract of <i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait. (SFA-CHCl3 extract) induced alterations of HepG2 cell morphology, resulting in the shrinkage of cells, the formation of debris, and cell detachment. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was inhibited by SFA-CHCl3 extract treatment. Cell cycle analysis exhibited that the cell proportion of the G0/G1 phase of HepG2 cells with SFA-CHCl3 extract treatment was decreased, while the cell proportion of the G2/M phase was increased. Flow cytometry analysis indicated a dramatic increase in the apoptotic percentage of HepG2 cells over the time of SFA-CHCl3 extract treatment. The SFA-CHCl3 extract also caused morphological changes in HepG2 nuclear, including chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. SFA-CHCl3 extract treatment induced the bax up-regulation and the bcl-2 down-regulation in HepG2 cells. These results revealed that SFA-CHCl3 extract could be a potential apoptosis inducer in HepG2 cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:31:18Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:31:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b2a64cb334341ae9d5a4ab7c7186c6e2023-11-23T15:24:26ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-06-011212590610.3390/app12125906The Chloroform Extracts of Vietnamese <i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait. Inhibit the Proliferation of HepG2 Cells through Apoptosis InductionCao Ngoc Minh Trang0Ho Nguyen Quynh Chi1Nguyen Khac Manh2Hoang Nghia Son3Dai-Nghiep Ngo4Le Thanh Long5Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamBiotechnology Department, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi 100000, VietnamInstitute for Tropical Technology and Environmental Protection, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamBiotechnology Department, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi 100000, VietnamDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology—Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamBiotechnology Department, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi 100000, VietnamThe present study evaluated the effects of <i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait. root extract on the proliferation of human hepatoma cell line HepG2. HPLC-UV analysis showed that the highest matrine and oxymatrine contents were obtained in the chloroform extract, compared to ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract. The morphological analysis revealed that the chloroform extract of <i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait. (SFA-CHCl3 extract) induced alterations of HepG2 cell morphology, resulting in the shrinkage of cells, the formation of debris, and cell detachment. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was inhibited by SFA-CHCl3 extract treatment. Cell cycle analysis exhibited that the cell proportion of the G0/G1 phase of HepG2 cells with SFA-CHCl3 extract treatment was decreased, while the cell proportion of the G2/M phase was increased. Flow cytometry analysis indicated a dramatic increase in the apoptotic percentage of HepG2 cells over the time of SFA-CHCl3 extract treatment. The SFA-CHCl3 extract also caused morphological changes in HepG2 nuclear, including chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. SFA-CHCl3 extract treatment induced the bax up-regulation and the bcl-2 down-regulation in HepG2 cells. These results revealed that SFA-CHCl3 extract could be a potential apoptosis inducer in HepG2 cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/12/5906apoptosisHepG2 cellsproliferation<i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait |
| spellingShingle | Cao Ngoc Minh Trang Ho Nguyen Quynh Chi Nguyen Khac Manh Hoang Nghia Son Dai-Nghiep Ngo Le Thanh Long The Chloroform Extracts of Vietnamese <i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait. Inhibit the Proliferation of HepG2 Cells through Apoptosis Induction Applied Sciences apoptosis HepG2 cells proliferation <i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait |
| title | The Chloroform Extracts of Vietnamese <i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait. Inhibit the Proliferation of HepG2 Cells through Apoptosis Induction |
| title_full | The Chloroform Extracts of Vietnamese <i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait. Inhibit the Proliferation of HepG2 Cells through Apoptosis Induction |
| title_fullStr | The Chloroform Extracts of Vietnamese <i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait. Inhibit the Proliferation of HepG2 Cells through Apoptosis Induction |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Chloroform Extracts of Vietnamese <i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait. Inhibit the Proliferation of HepG2 Cells through Apoptosis Induction |
| title_short | The Chloroform Extracts of Vietnamese <i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait. Inhibit the Proliferation of HepG2 Cells through Apoptosis Induction |
| title_sort | chloroform extracts of vietnamese i sophora flavescens i ait inhibit the proliferation of hepg2 cells through apoptosis induction |
| topic | apoptosis HepG2 cells proliferation <i>Sophora flavescens</i> Ait |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/12/5906 |
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