Food pattern modeling to inform global guidance on complementary feeding of infants
Abstract Nutrient needs are difficult to meet during infancy due to high nutrient requirements and the small quantities of food consumed. Guidelines to support food choice decisions are critical to promoting optimal infant health, growth and development and food pattern modeling can be used to infor...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Maternal and Child Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13590 |
| _version_ | 1797234093224624128 |
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| author | Mary Arimond Doris Wiesmann Laurence M. Grummer‐Strawn Elaine L. Ferguson |
| author_facet | Mary Arimond Doris Wiesmann Laurence M. Grummer‐Strawn Elaine L. Ferguson |
| author_sort | Mary Arimond |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Nutrient needs are difficult to meet during infancy due to high nutrient requirements and the small quantities of food consumed. Guidelines to support food choice decisions are critical to promoting optimal infant health, growth and development and food pattern modeling can be used to inform guideline development. We employed the Optifood modeling system to determine if unfortified complementary foods could meet 13 nutrient targets for breastfed infants (6–11 months), and to describe food patterns that met, or came as close as possible to meeting targets. We also examined the impacts of eliminating food groups, increasing starchy staple foods or adding sentinel unhealthy foods. We collated a global food list from dietary studies in 37 countries and used this list to develop nutrient values for a set of 35 food subgroups. We analyzed infant dietary intakes from studies in eight countries to inform maximum quantities and frequencies of consumption for these subgroups in weekly food patterns. We found that unfortified foods could meet targets for most infants for 12 nutrients, but not for iron. For the smallest and youngest infants, with the lowest energy intakes, there were additional deficits for minerals. Best‐case food patterns that met targets or came as close as possible to meeting targets included ample amounts of diverse vegetables, diverse plant‐ and animal‐source protein foods, small amounts of whole grain foods and dairy and no refined grains or added fats or sugar. There were nutrient deficits if animal‐source foods or vegetables were eliminated or if unhealthy foods were included. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T16:26:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b35eb8e7b724630bd68eac107f8b5ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1740-8695 1740-8709 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T16:26:35Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Maternal and Child Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b35eb8e7b724630bd68eac107f8b5ce2024-03-30T17:45:18ZengWileyMaternal and Child Nutrition1740-86951740-87092024-04-01202n/an/a10.1111/mcn.13590Food pattern modeling to inform global guidance on complementary feeding of infantsMary Arimond0Doris Wiesmann1Laurence M. Grummer‐Strawn2Elaine L. Ferguson3Takoma Park Maryland USAHalendorf Schönwalde GermanyDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety WHO Geneva SwitzerlandDepartment of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United KingdomAbstract Nutrient needs are difficult to meet during infancy due to high nutrient requirements and the small quantities of food consumed. Guidelines to support food choice decisions are critical to promoting optimal infant health, growth and development and food pattern modeling can be used to inform guideline development. We employed the Optifood modeling system to determine if unfortified complementary foods could meet 13 nutrient targets for breastfed infants (6–11 months), and to describe food patterns that met, or came as close as possible to meeting targets. We also examined the impacts of eliminating food groups, increasing starchy staple foods or adding sentinel unhealthy foods. We collated a global food list from dietary studies in 37 countries and used this list to develop nutrient values for a set of 35 food subgroups. We analyzed infant dietary intakes from studies in eight countries to inform maximum quantities and frequencies of consumption for these subgroups in weekly food patterns. We found that unfortified foods could meet targets for most infants for 12 nutrients, but not for iron. For the smallest and youngest infants, with the lowest energy intakes, there were additional deficits for minerals. Best‐case food patterns that met targets or came as close as possible to meeting targets included ample amounts of diverse vegetables, diverse plant‐ and animal‐source protein foods, small amounts of whole grain foods and dairy and no refined grains or added fats or sugar. There were nutrient deficits if animal‐source foods or vegetables were eliminated or if unhealthy foods were included.https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13590complementary feedinginfantmicronutrientsprotein foodsunhealthy foodsvegetables |
| spellingShingle | Mary Arimond Doris Wiesmann Laurence M. Grummer‐Strawn Elaine L. Ferguson Food pattern modeling to inform global guidance on complementary feeding of infants Maternal and Child Nutrition complementary feeding infant micronutrients protein foods unhealthy foods vegetables |
| title | Food pattern modeling to inform global guidance on complementary feeding of infants |
| title_full | Food pattern modeling to inform global guidance on complementary feeding of infants |
| title_fullStr | Food pattern modeling to inform global guidance on complementary feeding of infants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Food pattern modeling to inform global guidance on complementary feeding of infants |
| title_short | Food pattern modeling to inform global guidance on complementary feeding of infants |
| title_sort | food pattern modeling to inform global guidance on complementary feeding of infants |
| topic | complementary feeding infant micronutrients protein foods unhealthy foods vegetables |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13590 |
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