Do Differences in Drinking Attitudes and Alcohol-Related Problems Explain Differences in Sick Leave? A Multilevel Analysis of 95 Work Units Within 14 Companies From the WIRUS Study
BackgroundSystematic reviews have shown a strong relationship between alcohol consumption and sick leave. The effect of alcohol consumption on sick leave may, however, vary according to the work environment. While attitudes toward drinking may impact sick leave, there is little research on the contr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.817726/full |
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| author | Neda S. Hashemi Ingvild Dalen Ingvild Dalen Jens Christoffer Skogen Jens Christoffer Skogen Jens Christoffer Skogen Hildegunn Sagvaag David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras Randi Wågø Aas Randi Wågø Aas |
| author_facet | Neda S. Hashemi Ingvild Dalen Ingvild Dalen Jens Christoffer Skogen Jens Christoffer Skogen Jens Christoffer Skogen Hildegunn Sagvaag David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras Randi Wågø Aas Randi Wågø Aas |
| author_sort | Neda S. Hashemi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundSystematic reviews have shown a strong relationship between alcohol consumption and sick leave. The effect of alcohol consumption on sick leave may, however, vary according to the work environment. While attitudes toward drinking may impact sick leave, there is little research on the contribution of drinking attitudes to sick leave. Moreover, alcohol-related problems and drinking attitudes may be influenced by the broader sociocultural contexts of the organizational units where people work.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the relationship of alcohol-related problems and drinking attitudes with sick leave while considering the nesting of employees within working units within companies.MethodData from the WIRUS (Workplace Interventions preventing Risky alcohol Use and Sick leave) study were linked to company-registered sick leave data for 2,560 employees from 95 different work units in public (n = 9) and private companies (n = 5) in Norway. Three-level (employee, work unit, and company) negative binomial regression models were estimated to explore the 12-month prospective association of alcohol-related problems and drinking attitudes with four measures of sick leave (one-day, short-term, long-term, and overall sick leave days). Models were adjusted for gender, age, cohabitation status, educational attainment, work position, and employment sector.ResultsWe observed higher variation of one-day, short-term, and overall sick leave days between companies than between work units within companies (15, 12, and 30% vs. 0, 5, and 8%, respectively). However, neither alcohol-related problems nor drinking attitudes were associated with sick leave and, thus, those variations in sick leave were not explained by alcohol-related problems or drinking attitudes.ConclusionOur findings suggest company-level differences are more important than within company differences when explaining differences in sick leave. While alcohol-related problems or drinking attitudes were not associated with sick leave, future studies may need to explore the role of company policies, practices, or social norms in variations in sick leave rates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:55:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b3d8921b12a4bf1926b8a79a5a2ae5e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:55:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b3d8921b12a4bf1926b8a79a5a2ae5e2022-12-22T03:36:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652022-05-011010.3389/fpubh.2022.817726817726Do Differences in Drinking Attitudes and Alcohol-Related Problems Explain Differences in Sick Leave? A Multilevel Analysis of 95 Work Units Within 14 Companies From the WIRUS StudyNeda S. Hashemi0Ingvild Dalen1Ingvild Dalen2Jens Christoffer Skogen3Jens Christoffer Skogen4Jens Christoffer Skogen5Hildegunn Sagvaag6David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras7David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras8David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras9Randi Wågø Aas10Randi Wågø Aas11Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, NorwayDepartment of Research, Section of Biostatistics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, NorwayDepartment of Quality and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, NorwayDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, NorwayDepartment of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, NorwayAlcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, NorwayDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, NorwaySouthwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health in San Antonio, The University of Texas Health Science at Houston, San Antonio, TX, United StatesCenter for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, SpainConsortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, NorwayDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, NorwayBackgroundSystematic reviews have shown a strong relationship between alcohol consumption and sick leave. The effect of alcohol consumption on sick leave may, however, vary according to the work environment. While attitudes toward drinking may impact sick leave, there is little research on the contribution of drinking attitudes to sick leave. Moreover, alcohol-related problems and drinking attitudes may be influenced by the broader sociocultural contexts of the organizational units where people work.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the relationship of alcohol-related problems and drinking attitudes with sick leave while considering the nesting of employees within working units within companies.MethodData from the WIRUS (Workplace Interventions preventing Risky alcohol Use and Sick leave) study were linked to company-registered sick leave data for 2,560 employees from 95 different work units in public (n = 9) and private companies (n = 5) in Norway. Three-level (employee, work unit, and company) negative binomial regression models were estimated to explore the 12-month prospective association of alcohol-related problems and drinking attitudes with four measures of sick leave (one-day, short-term, long-term, and overall sick leave days). Models were adjusted for gender, age, cohabitation status, educational attainment, work position, and employment sector.ResultsWe observed higher variation of one-day, short-term, and overall sick leave days between companies than between work units within companies (15, 12, and 30% vs. 0, 5, and 8%, respectively). However, neither alcohol-related problems nor drinking attitudes were associated with sick leave and, thus, those variations in sick leave were not explained by alcohol-related problems or drinking attitudes.ConclusionOur findings suggest company-level differences are more important than within company differences when explaining differences in sick leave. While alcohol-related problems or drinking attitudes were not associated with sick leave, future studies may need to explore the role of company policies, practices, or social norms in variations in sick leave rates.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.817726/fullalcohol consumptionworkforcepublic healthattitudesabsenteeismpresenteeism |
| spellingShingle | Neda S. Hashemi Ingvild Dalen Ingvild Dalen Jens Christoffer Skogen Jens Christoffer Skogen Jens Christoffer Skogen Hildegunn Sagvaag David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras Randi Wågø Aas Randi Wågø Aas Do Differences in Drinking Attitudes and Alcohol-Related Problems Explain Differences in Sick Leave? A Multilevel Analysis of 95 Work Units Within 14 Companies From the WIRUS Study Frontiers in Public Health alcohol consumption workforce public health attitudes absenteeism presenteeism |
| title | Do Differences in Drinking Attitudes and Alcohol-Related Problems Explain Differences in Sick Leave? A Multilevel Analysis of 95 Work Units Within 14 Companies From the WIRUS Study |
| title_full | Do Differences in Drinking Attitudes and Alcohol-Related Problems Explain Differences in Sick Leave? A Multilevel Analysis of 95 Work Units Within 14 Companies From the WIRUS Study |
| title_fullStr | Do Differences in Drinking Attitudes and Alcohol-Related Problems Explain Differences in Sick Leave? A Multilevel Analysis of 95 Work Units Within 14 Companies From the WIRUS Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Do Differences in Drinking Attitudes and Alcohol-Related Problems Explain Differences in Sick Leave? A Multilevel Analysis of 95 Work Units Within 14 Companies From the WIRUS Study |
| title_short | Do Differences in Drinking Attitudes and Alcohol-Related Problems Explain Differences in Sick Leave? A Multilevel Analysis of 95 Work Units Within 14 Companies From the WIRUS Study |
| title_sort | do differences in drinking attitudes and alcohol related problems explain differences in sick leave a multilevel analysis of 95 work units within 14 companies from the wirus study |
| topic | alcohol consumption workforce public health attitudes absenteeism presenteeism |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.817726/full |
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