The Role of Toll Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that shape the innate immune system by identifying pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) and host-derived damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPS). TLRs are widely expressed on both immune cells and non-imm...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00390/full |
| _version_ | 1828971013001445376 |
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| author | Darlene Monlish Sima Bhatt Laura Schuettpelz |
| author_facet | Darlene Monlish Sima Bhatt Laura Schuettpelz |
| author_sort | Darlene Monlish |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that shape the innate immune system by identifying pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) and host-derived damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPS). TLRs are widely expressed on both immune cells and non-immune cells, including hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, effector immune cell populations, and endothelial cells. In addition to their well-known role in the innate immune response to acute infection or injury, accumulating evidence supports a role for TLRs in the development of hematopoietic and other malignancies. Several hematopoietic disorders, including lymphoproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes, which possess a high risk of transformation to leukemia, have been linked to aberrant TLR signaling. Furthermore, activation of TLRs leads to the induction of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which can promote tumorigenesis by driving cell proliferation and migration and providing a favorable microenvironment for tumor cells. Beyond hematopoietic malignancies, the upregulation of a number of TLRs has been linked to promoting tumor cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis in a variety of cancers, including those of the colon, breast, and lung. This review focuses on the contribution of TLRs to hematopoietic malignancies, highlighting the known direct and indirect effects of TLR signaling on tumor cells and their microenvironment. In addition, the utility of TLR agonists and antagonists as potential therapeutics in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies is discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T13:03:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b497ca7557e44f68366b0a881a93e37 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T13:03:13Z |
| publishDate | 2016-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b497ca7557e44f68366b0a881a93e372022-12-21T23:00:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242016-09-01710.3389/fimmu.2016.00390223495The Role of Toll Like Receptors in Hematopoietic MalignanciesDarlene Monlish0Sima Bhatt1Laura Schuettpelz2washington universitywashington universitywashington universityToll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that shape the innate immune system by identifying pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) and host-derived damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPS). TLRs are widely expressed on both immune cells and non-immune cells, including hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, effector immune cell populations, and endothelial cells. In addition to their well-known role in the innate immune response to acute infection or injury, accumulating evidence supports a role for TLRs in the development of hematopoietic and other malignancies. Several hematopoietic disorders, including lymphoproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes, which possess a high risk of transformation to leukemia, have been linked to aberrant TLR signaling. Furthermore, activation of TLRs leads to the induction of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which can promote tumorigenesis by driving cell proliferation and migration and providing a favorable microenvironment for tumor cells. Beyond hematopoietic malignancies, the upregulation of a number of TLRs has been linked to promoting tumor cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis in a variety of cancers, including those of the colon, breast, and lung. This review focuses on the contribution of TLRs to hematopoietic malignancies, highlighting the known direct and indirect effects of TLR signaling on tumor cells and their microenvironment. In addition, the utility of TLR agonists and antagonists as potential therapeutics in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies is discussed.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00390/fullLeukemiaMyelodysplastic SyndromesToll-Like ReceptorsMyD88HSC |
| spellingShingle | Darlene Monlish Sima Bhatt Laura Schuettpelz The Role of Toll Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies Frontiers in Immunology Leukemia Myelodysplastic Syndromes Toll-Like Receptors MyD88 HSC |
| title | The Role of Toll Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies |
| title_full | The Role of Toll Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Toll Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Toll Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies |
| title_short | The Role of Toll Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies |
| title_sort | role of toll like receptors in hematopoietic malignancies |
| topic | Leukemia Myelodysplastic Syndromes Toll-Like Receptors MyD88 HSC |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00390/full |
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