A two-arm analysis of the immune response to heterologous boosting of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
Abstract Several vaccine programs were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, which included inactivated virus, DNA viral vectors and mRNA vaccines. Booster programs are recommended, especially for those in high-risk groups. However, many of these booster programs involve heterologous vaccines. Th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46053-8 |
| _version_ | 1797636953373409280 |
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| author | Arnone Nithichanon Ludthawun Kamuthachad Kanin Salao Wisitsak Phoksawat Chatcharin Kamsom Surasakdi Wongratanacheewin Chonlatip Pipattanaboon Sakawrat Kanthawong Umaporn Yordpratum Sirinart Aromseree Atibordee Meesing Piroon Mootsikapun Steven W. Edwards Supranee Phanthanawiboon |
| author_facet | Arnone Nithichanon Ludthawun Kamuthachad Kanin Salao Wisitsak Phoksawat Chatcharin Kamsom Surasakdi Wongratanacheewin Chonlatip Pipattanaboon Sakawrat Kanthawong Umaporn Yordpratum Sirinart Aromseree Atibordee Meesing Piroon Mootsikapun Steven W. Edwards Supranee Phanthanawiboon |
| author_sort | Arnone Nithichanon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Several vaccine programs were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, which included inactivated virus, DNA viral vectors and mRNA vaccines. Booster programs are recommended, especially for those in high-risk groups. However, many of these booster programs involve heterologous vaccines. This study enrolled volunteers who first received two full-dose CoronaVac vaccinations before receiving heterologous boosters with DNA- and/or mRNA-vaccines for an additional 2 doses (n = 40) or an additional 3 doses (n = 16). Our results showed no difference in side effects, neutralizing antibodies, or T-cell responses for any of the heterologous vaccination programs. However, the neutralizing capacity and IFN-γ responses against the Omicron variant in volunteers who received 4 or 5 doses were improved. Polarization of peripheral memory T cells after stimulation in all booster groups with Omicron peptide showed an increased trend of naïve and central memory phenotypes of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, suggesting that exposure to Omicron antigens will drive T cells into a lymphoid resident T cell phenotype. Our data support a continuous vaccination program to maximize the effectiveness of immunity, especially in people at high risk. Furthermore, the number of boosting doses is important for maintaining immunity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:41:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b5adc7766704528b95922e732dc176d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:41:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b5adc7766704528b95922e732dc176d2023-11-05T12:15:41ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-10-0113111110.1038/s41598-023-46053-8A two-arm analysis of the immune response to heterologous boosting of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinesArnone Nithichanon0Ludthawun Kamuthachad1Kanin Salao2Wisitsak Phoksawat3Chatcharin Kamsom4Surasakdi Wongratanacheewin5Chonlatip Pipattanaboon6Sakawrat Kanthawong7Umaporn Yordpratum8Sirinart Aromseree9Atibordee Meesing10Piroon Mootsikapun11Steven W. Edwards12Supranee Phanthanawiboon13Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityInfectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityInfectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of LiverpoolDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityAbstract Several vaccine programs were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, which included inactivated virus, DNA viral vectors and mRNA vaccines. Booster programs are recommended, especially for those in high-risk groups. However, many of these booster programs involve heterologous vaccines. This study enrolled volunteers who first received two full-dose CoronaVac vaccinations before receiving heterologous boosters with DNA- and/or mRNA-vaccines for an additional 2 doses (n = 40) or an additional 3 doses (n = 16). Our results showed no difference in side effects, neutralizing antibodies, or T-cell responses for any of the heterologous vaccination programs. However, the neutralizing capacity and IFN-γ responses against the Omicron variant in volunteers who received 4 or 5 doses were improved. Polarization of peripheral memory T cells after stimulation in all booster groups with Omicron peptide showed an increased trend of naïve and central memory phenotypes of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, suggesting that exposure to Omicron antigens will drive T cells into a lymphoid resident T cell phenotype. Our data support a continuous vaccination program to maximize the effectiveness of immunity, especially in people at high risk. Furthermore, the number of boosting doses is important for maintaining immunity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46053-8 |
| spellingShingle | Arnone Nithichanon Ludthawun Kamuthachad Kanin Salao Wisitsak Phoksawat Chatcharin Kamsom Surasakdi Wongratanacheewin Chonlatip Pipattanaboon Sakawrat Kanthawong Umaporn Yordpratum Sirinart Aromseree Atibordee Meesing Piroon Mootsikapun Steven W. Edwards Supranee Phanthanawiboon A two-arm analysis of the immune response to heterologous boosting of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines Scientific Reports |
| title | A two-arm analysis of the immune response to heterologous boosting of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines |
| title_full | A two-arm analysis of the immune response to heterologous boosting of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines |
| title_fullStr | A two-arm analysis of the immune response to heterologous boosting of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines |
| title_full_unstemmed | A two-arm analysis of the immune response to heterologous boosting of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines |
| title_short | A two-arm analysis of the immune response to heterologous boosting of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines |
| title_sort | two arm analysis of the immune response to heterologous boosting of inactivated sars cov 2 vaccines |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46053-8 |
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