Long-GRIN-Lens Microendoscopy Enabled by Wavefront Shaping for a Biomedical Microdevice: An Analytical Investigation
We analytically investigate the feasibility of long graded-index (GRIN)-lens-based microendoscopes through wavefront shaping. Following the very well-defined ray trajectories in a GRIN lens, mode-dependent phase delay is first determined. Then, the phase compensation needed for obtaining diffraction...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/12/3392 |
| _version_ | 1797529618878562304 |
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| author | Guigen Liu Jeon Woong Kang Oliver Jonas |
| author_facet | Guigen Liu Jeon Woong Kang Oliver Jonas |
| author_sort | Guigen Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We analytically investigate the feasibility of long graded-index (GRIN)-lens-based microendoscopes through wavefront shaping. Following the very well-defined ray trajectories in a GRIN lens, mode-dependent phase delay is first determined. Then, the phase compensation needed for obtaining diffraction limited resolution is derived. Finally, the diffraction pattern of the lens output is computed using the Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction theory. We show that diffraction-limited resolution is obtained for a 0.5 mm diameter lens with a length over 1 m. It is also demonstrated that different imaging working distances (WDs) can be realized by modifying the phase compensation. When a short design WD is used, a large imaging numerical aperture (NA) higher than 0.4 is achievable even when a low NA lens (NA = 0.1) is used. The long- and thin-GRIN-lens-based microendoscope investigated here, which is attractive for biomedical applications, is being prioritized for use in a clinical stage microdevice that measures three-dimensional drug responses inside the body. The advance described in this work may enable superior imaging capabilities in clinical applications in which long and flexible imaging probes are favored. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:16:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b5e6cd852d8464c98e25733c48a6667 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:16:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b5e6cd852d8464c98e25733c48a66672023-11-22T00:47:13ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-06-011412339210.3390/ma14123392Long-GRIN-Lens Microendoscopy Enabled by Wavefront Shaping for a Biomedical Microdevice: An Analytical InvestigationGuigen Liu0Jeon Woong Kang1Oliver Jonas2Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USALaser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USADepartment of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USAWe analytically investigate the feasibility of long graded-index (GRIN)-lens-based microendoscopes through wavefront shaping. Following the very well-defined ray trajectories in a GRIN lens, mode-dependent phase delay is first determined. Then, the phase compensation needed for obtaining diffraction limited resolution is derived. Finally, the diffraction pattern of the lens output is computed using the Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction theory. We show that diffraction-limited resolution is obtained for a 0.5 mm diameter lens with a length over 1 m. It is also demonstrated that different imaging working distances (WDs) can be realized by modifying the phase compensation. When a short design WD is used, a large imaging numerical aperture (NA) higher than 0.4 is achievable even when a low NA lens (NA = 0.1) is used. The long- and thin-GRIN-lens-based microendoscope investigated here, which is attractive for biomedical applications, is being prioritized for use in a clinical stage microdevice that measures three-dimensional drug responses inside the body. The advance described in this work may enable superior imaging capabilities in clinical applications in which long and flexible imaging probes are favored.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/12/3392GRIN-lens microendoscopytwo-photon imagingwavefront shapingbiomedical microdevicein vivo drug response testing |
| spellingShingle | Guigen Liu Jeon Woong Kang Oliver Jonas Long-GRIN-Lens Microendoscopy Enabled by Wavefront Shaping for a Biomedical Microdevice: An Analytical Investigation Materials GRIN-lens microendoscopy two-photon imaging wavefront shaping biomedical microdevice in vivo drug response testing |
| title | Long-GRIN-Lens Microendoscopy Enabled by Wavefront Shaping for a Biomedical Microdevice: An Analytical Investigation |
| title_full | Long-GRIN-Lens Microendoscopy Enabled by Wavefront Shaping for a Biomedical Microdevice: An Analytical Investigation |
| title_fullStr | Long-GRIN-Lens Microendoscopy Enabled by Wavefront Shaping for a Biomedical Microdevice: An Analytical Investigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-GRIN-Lens Microendoscopy Enabled by Wavefront Shaping for a Biomedical Microdevice: An Analytical Investigation |
| title_short | Long-GRIN-Lens Microendoscopy Enabled by Wavefront Shaping for a Biomedical Microdevice: An Analytical Investigation |
| title_sort | long grin lens microendoscopy enabled by wavefront shaping for a biomedical microdevice an analytical investigation |
| topic | GRIN-lens microendoscopy two-photon imaging wavefront shaping biomedical microdevice in vivo drug response testing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/12/3392 |
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