Effectiveness, implementation, and monitoring variables of intermittent hypoxic bicycle training in patients recovered from COVID-19: The AEROBICOVID study
Hypoxic exposure is safely associated with exercise for many pathological conditions, providing additional effects on health outcomes. COVID-19 is a new disease, so the physiological repercussions caused by exercise in affected patients and the safety of exposure to hypoxia in these conditions are s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.977519/full |
| _version_ | 1828157936802725888 |
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| author | Gabriel Peinado Costa Alba Camacho-Cardenosa Javier Brazo-Sayavera Javier Brazo-Sayavera Marcela Coffacci De Lima Viliod Marta Camacho-Cardenosa Yan Figueiredo Foresti Carlos Dellavechia de Carvalho Eugenio Merellano-Navarro Marcelo Papoti Marcelo Papoti Átila Alexandre Trapé |
| author_facet | Gabriel Peinado Costa Alba Camacho-Cardenosa Javier Brazo-Sayavera Javier Brazo-Sayavera Marcela Coffacci De Lima Viliod Marta Camacho-Cardenosa Yan Figueiredo Foresti Carlos Dellavechia de Carvalho Eugenio Merellano-Navarro Marcelo Papoti Marcelo Papoti Átila Alexandre Trapé |
| author_sort | Gabriel Peinado Costa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hypoxic exposure is safely associated with exercise for many pathological conditions, providing additional effects on health outcomes. COVID-19 is a new disease, so the physiological repercussions caused by exercise in affected patients and the safety of exposure to hypoxia in these conditions are still unknown. Due to the effects of the disease on the respiratory system and following the sequence of AEROBICOVID research work, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, tolerance and acute safety of 24 bicycle training sessions performed under intermittent hypoxic conditions through analysis of peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate concentration ([La−]) and symptoms of acute mountain sickness in patients recovered from COVID-19. Participants were allocated to three training groups: the normoxia group (GN) remained in normoxia (inspired fraction of O2 (FiO2) of ∼20.9%, a city with 526 m altitude) for the entire session; the recovery hypoxia group (GHR) was exposed to hypoxia (FiO2 ∼13.5%, corresponding to 3,000 m altitude) all the time except during the effort; the hypoxia group (GH) trained in hypoxia (FiO2 ∼13.5%) throughout the session. The altitude simulation effectively reduced SpO2 mean with significant differences between groups GN, GHR, and GH, being 96.9(1.6), 95.1(3.1), and 87.7(6.5), respectively. Additionally, the proposed exercise and hypoxic stimulus was well-tolerated, since 93% of participants showed no or moderate acute mountain sickness symptoms; maintained nearly 80% of sets at target heart rate; and most frequently reporting session intensity as an RPE of “3” (moderate). The internal load calculation, analyzed through training impulse (TRIMP), calculated using HR [TRIMPHR = HR * training volume (min)] and RPE [TRIMPRPE = RPE * training volume (min)], showed no significant difference between groups. The current strategy effectively promoted the altitude simulation and monitoring variables, being well-tolerated and safely acute exposure, as the low Lake Louise scores and the stable HR, SpO2, and RPE values showed during the sessions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:37:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b60e1acab5e4443be75de2956da0af0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:37:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b60e1acab5e4443be75de2956da0af02022-12-22T03:56:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2022-11-011310.3389/fphys.2022.977519977519Effectiveness, implementation, and monitoring variables of intermittent hypoxic bicycle training in patients recovered from COVID-19: The AEROBICOVID studyGabriel Peinado Costa0Alba Camacho-Cardenosa1Javier Brazo-Sayavera2Javier Brazo-Sayavera3Marcela Coffacci De Lima Viliod4Marta Camacho-Cardenosa5Yan Figueiredo Foresti6Carlos Dellavechia de Carvalho7Eugenio Merellano-Navarro8Marcelo Papoti9Marcelo Papoti10Átila Alexandre Trapé11School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilDepartment of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SpainDepartment of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, SpainPolo de Desarrollo Universitario EFISAL, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República, Rivera, UruguaySchool of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilClinical Management Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition - GC17, Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, SpainSchool of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilDepartamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, ChileSchool of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilHypoxic exposure is safely associated with exercise for many pathological conditions, providing additional effects on health outcomes. COVID-19 is a new disease, so the physiological repercussions caused by exercise in affected patients and the safety of exposure to hypoxia in these conditions are still unknown. Due to the effects of the disease on the respiratory system and following the sequence of AEROBICOVID research work, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, tolerance and acute safety of 24 bicycle training sessions performed under intermittent hypoxic conditions through analysis of peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate concentration ([La−]) and symptoms of acute mountain sickness in patients recovered from COVID-19. Participants were allocated to three training groups: the normoxia group (GN) remained in normoxia (inspired fraction of O2 (FiO2) of ∼20.9%, a city with 526 m altitude) for the entire session; the recovery hypoxia group (GHR) was exposed to hypoxia (FiO2 ∼13.5%, corresponding to 3,000 m altitude) all the time except during the effort; the hypoxia group (GH) trained in hypoxia (FiO2 ∼13.5%) throughout the session. The altitude simulation effectively reduced SpO2 mean with significant differences between groups GN, GHR, and GH, being 96.9(1.6), 95.1(3.1), and 87.7(6.5), respectively. Additionally, the proposed exercise and hypoxic stimulus was well-tolerated, since 93% of participants showed no or moderate acute mountain sickness symptoms; maintained nearly 80% of sets at target heart rate; and most frequently reporting session intensity as an RPE of “3” (moderate). The internal load calculation, analyzed through training impulse (TRIMP), calculated using HR [TRIMPHR = HR * training volume (min)] and RPE [TRIMPRPE = RPE * training volume (min)], showed no significant difference between groups. The current strategy effectively promoted the altitude simulation and monitoring variables, being well-tolerated and safely acute exposure, as the low Lake Louise scores and the stable HR, SpO2, and RPE values showed during the sessions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.977519/fullcoronavirus infectionsexerciseoxygenphysiologic monitoringaltitudeconvalescence |
| spellingShingle | Gabriel Peinado Costa Alba Camacho-Cardenosa Javier Brazo-Sayavera Javier Brazo-Sayavera Marcela Coffacci De Lima Viliod Marta Camacho-Cardenosa Yan Figueiredo Foresti Carlos Dellavechia de Carvalho Eugenio Merellano-Navarro Marcelo Papoti Marcelo Papoti Átila Alexandre Trapé Effectiveness, implementation, and monitoring variables of intermittent hypoxic bicycle training in patients recovered from COVID-19: The AEROBICOVID study Frontiers in Physiology coronavirus infections exercise oxygen physiologic monitoring altitude convalescence |
| title | Effectiveness, implementation, and monitoring variables of intermittent hypoxic bicycle training in patients recovered from COVID-19: The AEROBICOVID study |
| title_full | Effectiveness, implementation, and monitoring variables of intermittent hypoxic bicycle training in patients recovered from COVID-19: The AEROBICOVID study |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness, implementation, and monitoring variables of intermittent hypoxic bicycle training in patients recovered from COVID-19: The AEROBICOVID study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness, implementation, and monitoring variables of intermittent hypoxic bicycle training in patients recovered from COVID-19: The AEROBICOVID study |
| title_short | Effectiveness, implementation, and monitoring variables of intermittent hypoxic bicycle training in patients recovered from COVID-19: The AEROBICOVID study |
| title_sort | effectiveness implementation and monitoring variables of intermittent hypoxic bicycle training in patients recovered from covid 19 the aerobicovid study |
| topic | coronavirus infections exercise oxygen physiologic monitoring altitude convalescence |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.977519/full |
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