A 3D-Printed Sole Design Bioinspired by Cat Paw Pad and Triply Periodic Minimal Surface for Improving Paratrooper Landing Protection
Paratroopers are highly susceptible to lower extremity impact injuries during landing. To reduce the ground reaction force (GRF), inspired by the cat paw pad and triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS), a novel type of bionic cushion sole for paratrooper boots was designed and fabricated by additive...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/16/3270 |
| _version_ | 1797431744581861376 |
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| author | Yilin Xiao Dayong Hu Zhiqiang Zhang Baoqing Pei Xueqing Wu Peng Lin |
| author_facet | Yilin Xiao Dayong Hu Zhiqiang Zhang Baoqing Pei Xueqing Wu Peng Lin |
| author_sort | Yilin Xiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Paratroopers are highly susceptible to lower extremity impact injuries during landing. To reduce the ground reaction force (GRF), inspired by the cat paw pad and triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS), a novel type of bionic cushion sole for paratrooper boots was designed and fabricated by additive manufacturing. A shear thickening fluid (STF) was used to mimic the unique adipose tissue with viscoelastic behavior found in cat paw pads, which is formed by a dermal layer encompassing a subcutaneous layer and acts as the primary energy dissipation mechanism for attenuating ground impact. Based on uniaxial compression tests using four typical types of cubic TPMS specimens, TPMSs with Gyroid and Diamond topologies were chosen to fill the midsole. The quasi-static and dynamic mechanical behaviors of the bionic sole were investigated by quasi-static compression tests and drop hammer tests, respectively. Then, drop landing tests at heights of 40 cm and 80 cm were performed on five kinds of soles to assess the cushioning capacity and compare them with standard paratrooper boots and sports shoes. The results showed that sports shoes had the highest cushioning capacity at a height of 40 cm, whereas at a height of 80 cm, the sole with a 1.5 mm thick Gyroid configuration and STF filling could reduce the maximum peak GRF by 15.5% when compared to standard paratrooper boots. The present work has implications for the design of novel bioinspired soles for reducing impact force. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:49:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b64eb6d44434da5ac77bf163e0e85cd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:49:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b64eb6d44434da5ac77bf163e0e85cd2023-12-02T00:11:40ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-08-011416327010.3390/polym14163270A 3D-Printed Sole Design Bioinspired by Cat Paw Pad and Triply Periodic Minimal Surface for Improving Paratrooper Landing ProtectionYilin Xiao0Dayong Hu1Zhiqiang Zhang2Baoqing Pei3Xueqing Wu4Peng Lin5Department of Aircraft Airworthiness Engineering, School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Aircraft Airworthiness Engineering, School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, ChinaSchool of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, ChinaParatroopers are highly susceptible to lower extremity impact injuries during landing. To reduce the ground reaction force (GRF), inspired by the cat paw pad and triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS), a novel type of bionic cushion sole for paratrooper boots was designed and fabricated by additive manufacturing. A shear thickening fluid (STF) was used to mimic the unique adipose tissue with viscoelastic behavior found in cat paw pads, which is formed by a dermal layer encompassing a subcutaneous layer and acts as the primary energy dissipation mechanism for attenuating ground impact. Based on uniaxial compression tests using four typical types of cubic TPMS specimens, TPMSs with Gyroid and Diamond topologies were chosen to fill the midsole. The quasi-static and dynamic mechanical behaviors of the bionic sole were investigated by quasi-static compression tests and drop hammer tests, respectively. Then, drop landing tests at heights of 40 cm and 80 cm were performed on five kinds of soles to assess the cushioning capacity and compare them with standard paratrooper boots and sports shoes. The results showed that sports shoes had the highest cushioning capacity at a height of 40 cm, whereas at a height of 80 cm, the sole with a 1.5 mm thick Gyroid configuration and STF filling could reduce the maximum peak GRF by 15.5% when compared to standard paratrooper boots. The present work has implications for the design of novel bioinspired soles for reducing impact force.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/16/3270TPMSbionic cushion3D-printed soleenergy dissipationlanding protection |
| spellingShingle | Yilin Xiao Dayong Hu Zhiqiang Zhang Baoqing Pei Xueqing Wu Peng Lin A 3D-Printed Sole Design Bioinspired by Cat Paw Pad and Triply Periodic Minimal Surface for Improving Paratrooper Landing Protection Polymers TPMS bionic cushion 3D-printed sole energy dissipation landing protection |
| title | A 3D-Printed Sole Design Bioinspired by Cat Paw Pad and Triply Periodic Minimal Surface for Improving Paratrooper Landing Protection |
| title_full | A 3D-Printed Sole Design Bioinspired by Cat Paw Pad and Triply Periodic Minimal Surface for Improving Paratrooper Landing Protection |
| title_fullStr | A 3D-Printed Sole Design Bioinspired by Cat Paw Pad and Triply Periodic Minimal Surface for Improving Paratrooper Landing Protection |
| title_full_unstemmed | A 3D-Printed Sole Design Bioinspired by Cat Paw Pad and Triply Periodic Minimal Surface for Improving Paratrooper Landing Protection |
| title_short | A 3D-Printed Sole Design Bioinspired by Cat Paw Pad and Triply Periodic Minimal Surface for Improving Paratrooper Landing Protection |
| title_sort | 3d printed sole design bioinspired by cat paw pad and triply periodic minimal surface for improving paratrooper landing protection |
| topic | TPMS bionic cushion 3D-printed sole energy dissipation landing protection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/16/3270 |
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