Directing T-Cell Immune Responses for Cancer Vaccination and Immunotherapy
Cancer vaccination and immunotherapy revolutionised the treatment of cancer, a result of decades of research into the immune system in health and disease. However, despite recent breakthroughs in treating otherwise terminal cancer, only a minority of patients respond to cancer immunotherapy and some...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/12/1392 |
| _version_ | 1827669106725224448 |
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| author | Peter Lawrence Smith Katarzyna Piadel Angus George Dalgleish |
| author_facet | Peter Lawrence Smith Katarzyna Piadel Angus George Dalgleish |
| author_sort | Peter Lawrence Smith |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cancer vaccination and immunotherapy revolutionised the treatment of cancer, a result of decades of research into the immune system in health and disease. However, despite recent breakthroughs in treating otherwise terminal cancer, only a minority of patients respond to cancer immunotherapy and some cancers are largely refractive to immunotherapy treatment. This is due to numerous issues intrinsic to the tumour, its microenvironment, or the immune system. CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> αβ T-cells emerged as the primary effector cells of the anti-tumour immune response but their function in cancer patients is often compromised. This review details the mechanisms by which T-cell responses are hindered in the setting of cancer and refractive to immunotherapy, and details many of the approaches under investigation to direct T-cell function and improve the efficacy of cancer vaccination and immunotherapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:56:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b6f5d52a1e24905b193c00c140d2c5f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:56:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b6f5d52a1e24905b193c00c140d2c5f2023-11-23T10:53:45ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-11-01912139210.3390/vaccines9121392Directing T-Cell Immune Responses for Cancer Vaccination and ImmunotherapyPeter Lawrence Smith0Katarzyna Piadel1Angus George Dalgleish2Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. Georges University of London, London SW17 0RE, UKInstitute of Infection and Immunity, St. Georges University of London, London SW17 0RE, UKInstitute of Infection and Immunity, St. Georges University of London, London SW17 0RE, UKCancer vaccination and immunotherapy revolutionised the treatment of cancer, a result of decades of research into the immune system in health and disease. However, despite recent breakthroughs in treating otherwise terminal cancer, only a minority of patients respond to cancer immunotherapy and some cancers are largely refractive to immunotherapy treatment. This is due to numerous issues intrinsic to the tumour, its microenvironment, or the immune system. CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> αβ T-cells emerged as the primary effector cells of the anti-tumour immune response but their function in cancer patients is often compromised. This review details the mechanisms by which T-cell responses are hindered in the setting of cancer and refractive to immunotherapy, and details many of the approaches under investigation to direct T-cell function and improve the efficacy of cancer vaccination and immunotherapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/12/1392immunotherapyT-cellvaccinecancercheckpoint inhibitionmicrobiome |
| spellingShingle | Peter Lawrence Smith Katarzyna Piadel Angus George Dalgleish Directing T-Cell Immune Responses for Cancer Vaccination and Immunotherapy Vaccines immunotherapy T-cell vaccine cancer checkpoint inhibition microbiome |
| title | Directing T-Cell Immune Responses for Cancer Vaccination and Immunotherapy |
| title_full | Directing T-Cell Immune Responses for Cancer Vaccination and Immunotherapy |
| title_fullStr | Directing T-Cell Immune Responses for Cancer Vaccination and Immunotherapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Directing T-Cell Immune Responses for Cancer Vaccination and Immunotherapy |
| title_short | Directing T-Cell Immune Responses for Cancer Vaccination and Immunotherapy |
| title_sort | directing t cell immune responses for cancer vaccination and immunotherapy |
| topic | immunotherapy T-cell vaccine cancer checkpoint inhibition microbiome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/12/1392 |
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