Metabolism of Paeoniae Radix Rubra and its 14 constituents in mice
Objective: Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PRR) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of clearing away heat, cooling the blood, and relieving blood stasis. To 1) elucidate the metabolites and metabolic pathways of PRR and its 14 main constituents in mice and 2) reveal the possible o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.995641/full |
| _version_ | 1817980525047971840 |
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| author | Jing Zhang Yang Lv Jing Zhang Wen-Jin Shi Xu-Yan Guo Jing-Jing Xu Peng-Pu Wang Xue-Tai Chen Lin-Han Xiang Feng Xu Xuan Wang Shao-Qing Cai |
| author_facet | Jing Zhang Yang Lv Jing Zhang Wen-Jin Shi Xu-Yan Guo Jing-Jing Xu Peng-Pu Wang Xue-Tai Chen Lin-Han Xiang Feng Xu Xuan Wang Shao-Qing Cai |
| author_sort | Jing Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PRR) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of clearing away heat, cooling the blood, and relieving blood stasis. To 1) elucidate the metabolites and metabolic pathways of PRR and its 14 main constituents in mice and 2) reveal the possible origins of the known effective forms of PRR and their isomers, the metabolism of PRR in mice was systematically studied for the first time.Methods: PRR and its 14 constituents were administered to mice by gavage once a day for seven consecutive days, respectively. All urine and feces were collected during the 7 days of dosing, and blood was collected at 1 h after the last dose. Metabolites were detected and identified using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and combined with electrospray ionization ion trap time-of-flight multistage mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn).Results: In total, 23, 16, 24, 17, 18, 30, 27, 17, 22, 17, 33, 3, 8, 24, and 31 metabolites of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, hydroxybenzoylpaeoniflorin, benzoyloxypaeoniflorin, galloylpaeoniflorin, lactiflorin, epicatechin gallate, catechin gallate, catechin, ellagic acid, 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid, methylgallate, and PRR were respectively identified in mice; after eliminating identical metabolites, a total of 195 metabolites remained, including 8, 11, 25, 17, 18, 30, 27, 17, 21, 17, 1, 2, 8, 20, and 20 newly identified metabolites, respectively. The metabolic reactions of PRR and its 14 main constituents in mice were primarily methylation, hydrogenation, hydrolysis, hydroxylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation.Conclusion: We elucidated the metabolites and metabolic pathways of PRR and its 14 constituents (e.g., paeoniflorin, catechin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid) in mice and revealed the possible origins of the 10 known effective forms of PRR and their isomers. The findings are of great significance to studying the mechanism of action and quality control of PRR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:54:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b85bd72a7d04ef3b2350267d310c2d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:54:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b85bd72a7d04ef3b2350267d310c2d92022-12-22T02:26:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122022-10-011310.3389/fphar.2022.995641995641Metabolism of Paeoniae Radix Rubra and its 14 constituents in miceJing ZhangYang LvJing ZhangWen-Jin ShiXu-Yan GuoJing-Jing XuPeng-Pu WangXue-Tai ChenLin-Han XiangFeng XuXuan WangShao-Qing CaiObjective: Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PRR) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of clearing away heat, cooling the blood, and relieving blood stasis. To 1) elucidate the metabolites and metabolic pathways of PRR and its 14 main constituents in mice and 2) reveal the possible origins of the known effective forms of PRR and their isomers, the metabolism of PRR in mice was systematically studied for the first time.Methods: PRR and its 14 constituents were administered to mice by gavage once a day for seven consecutive days, respectively. All urine and feces were collected during the 7 days of dosing, and blood was collected at 1 h after the last dose. Metabolites were detected and identified using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and combined with electrospray ionization ion trap time-of-flight multistage mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn).Results: In total, 23, 16, 24, 17, 18, 30, 27, 17, 22, 17, 33, 3, 8, 24, and 31 metabolites of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, hydroxybenzoylpaeoniflorin, benzoyloxypaeoniflorin, galloylpaeoniflorin, lactiflorin, epicatechin gallate, catechin gallate, catechin, ellagic acid, 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid, methylgallate, and PRR were respectively identified in mice; after eliminating identical metabolites, a total of 195 metabolites remained, including 8, 11, 25, 17, 18, 30, 27, 17, 21, 17, 1, 2, 8, 20, and 20 newly identified metabolites, respectively. The metabolic reactions of PRR and its 14 main constituents in mice were primarily methylation, hydrogenation, hydrolysis, hydroxylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation.Conclusion: We elucidated the metabolites and metabolic pathways of PRR and its 14 constituents (e.g., paeoniflorin, catechin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid) in mice and revealed the possible origins of the 10 known effective forms of PRR and their isomers. The findings are of great significance to studying the mechanism of action and quality control of PRR.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.995641/fullPaeoniae Radix Rubrapaeoniflorincatechinellagic acidmethylgallatein vivo metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Jing Zhang Yang Lv Jing Zhang Wen-Jin Shi Xu-Yan Guo Jing-Jing Xu Peng-Pu Wang Xue-Tai Chen Lin-Han Xiang Feng Xu Xuan Wang Shao-Qing Cai Metabolism of Paeoniae Radix Rubra and its 14 constituents in mice Frontiers in Pharmacology Paeoniae Radix Rubra paeoniflorin catechin ellagic acid methylgallate in vivo metabolism |
| title | Metabolism of Paeoniae Radix Rubra and its 14 constituents in mice |
| title_full | Metabolism of Paeoniae Radix Rubra and its 14 constituents in mice |
| title_fullStr | Metabolism of Paeoniae Radix Rubra and its 14 constituents in mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolism of Paeoniae Radix Rubra and its 14 constituents in mice |
| title_short | Metabolism of Paeoniae Radix Rubra and its 14 constituents in mice |
| title_sort | metabolism of paeoniae radix rubra and its 14 constituents in mice |
| topic | Paeoniae Radix Rubra paeoniflorin catechin ellagic acid methylgallate in vivo metabolism |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.995641/full |
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