Ecomorphological Differentiation of Feeding Structures within the Antarctic Fish Species Flock Trematominae (Notothenioidei) from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea)
The Antarctic endemic fish genus <i>Trematomus</i> (Trematominae, Notothenioidei) includes 15 species very diverse in morphology, lifestyle and feeding ecology. Co-occurring on the continental shelf, they occupy different habitats and a wide range of ecological niches as the result of ad...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/12/1876 |
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| author | Erica Carlig Davide Di Blasi Eva Pisano Marino Vacchi Gianfranco Santovito Laura Ghigliotti |
| author_facet | Erica Carlig Davide Di Blasi Eva Pisano Marino Vacchi Gianfranco Santovito Laura Ghigliotti |
| author_sort | Erica Carlig |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Antarctic endemic fish genus <i>Trematomus</i> (Trematominae, Notothenioidei) includes 15 species very diverse in morphology, lifestyle and feeding ecology. Co-occurring on the continental shelf, they occupy different habitats and a wide range of ecological niches as the result of adaptive radiation during their evolutionary history. Ecomorphological differentiation is a key feature of adaptive radiations, with a general trend for specialization following divergence. Here, we investigated the trophic adaptive morphology and ecology of six <i>Trematomus</i> species from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) through feeding apparatus metrics and geometric morphometrics. The suction index (SI), the mechanical advantage in jaw closing (MA), the relative surface of the adductor mandibulae muscle and nine morphological traits related to feeding structures were analysed. Head shape clearly differentiates the benthic (<i>T. bernacchii</i>, <i>T. hansoni</i> and <i>T. pennellii</i>) from the pelagic (<i>T. eulepidotus</i> and <i>T. borchgrevinki</i>) species. The position of the eyes and the orientation of the mouth also contribute to specific morphological differences and specialization. Interestingly, <i>T. newnesi</i> stands at an intermediate position and the mouth is clearly oriented upwards compared to the other congeneric species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:14:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b8a7f268ace426a8f56827d59316ddc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:14:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b8a7f268ace426a8f56827d59316ddc2023-11-24T15:55:51ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122022-12-011012187610.3390/jmse10121876Ecomorphological Differentiation of Feeding Structures within the Antarctic Fish Species Flock Trematominae (Notothenioidei) from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea)Erica Carlig0Davide Di Blasi1Eva Pisano2Marino Vacchi3Gianfranco Santovito4Laura Ghigliotti5National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impacts and the Sustainability of the Marine Environment (IAS), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, ItalyNational Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impacts and the Sustainability of the Marine Environment (IAS), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, ItalyNational Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impacts and the Sustainability of the Marine Environment (IAS), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, ItalyNational Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impacts and the Sustainability of the Marine Environment (IAS), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35100 Padua, ItalyNational Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impacts and the Sustainability of the Marine Environment (IAS), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, ItalyThe Antarctic endemic fish genus <i>Trematomus</i> (Trematominae, Notothenioidei) includes 15 species very diverse in morphology, lifestyle and feeding ecology. Co-occurring on the continental shelf, they occupy different habitats and a wide range of ecological niches as the result of adaptive radiation during their evolutionary history. Ecomorphological differentiation is a key feature of adaptive radiations, with a general trend for specialization following divergence. Here, we investigated the trophic adaptive morphology and ecology of six <i>Trematomus</i> species from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) through feeding apparatus metrics and geometric morphometrics. The suction index (SI), the mechanical advantage in jaw closing (MA), the relative surface of the adductor mandibulae muscle and nine morphological traits related to feeding structures were analysed. Head shape clearly differentiates the benthic (<i>T. bernacchii</i>, <i>T. hansoni</i> and <i>T. pennellii</i>) from the pelagic (<i>T. eulepidotus</i> and <i>T. borchgrevinki</i>) species. The position of the eyes and the orientation of the mouth also contribute to specific morphological differences and specialization. Interestingly, <i>T. newnesi</i> stands at an intermediate position and the mouth is clearly oriented upwards compared to the other congeneric species.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/12/1876ecomorphologygeometric morphometricsfeeding modes<i>Trematomus</i>adaptation strategiesRoss Sea |
| spellingShingle | Erica Carlig Davide Di Blasi Eva Pisano Marino Vacchi Gianfranco Santovito Laura Ghigliotti Ecomorphological Differentiation of Feeding Structures within the Antarctic Fish Species Flock Trematominae (Notothenioidei) from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ecomorphology geometric morphometrics feeding modes <i>Trematomus</i> adaptation strategies Ross Sea |
| title | Ecomorphological Differentiation of Feeding Structures within the Antarctic Fish Species Flock Trematominae (Notothenioidei) from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) |
| title_full | Ecomorphological Differentiation of Feeding Structures within the Antarctic Fish Species Flock Trematominae (Notothenioidei) from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) |
| title_fullStr | Ecomorphological Differentiation of Feeding Structures within the Antarctic Fish Species Flock Trematominae (Notothenioidei) from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecomorphological Differentiation of Feeding Structures within the Antarctic Fish Species Flock Trematominae (Notothenioidei) from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) |
| title_short | Ecomorphological Differentiation of Feeding Structures within the Antarctic Fish Species Flock Trematominae (Notothenioidei) from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) |
| title_sort | ecomorphological differentiation of feeding structures within the antarctic fish species flock trematominae notothenioidei from terra nova bay ross sea |
| topic | ecomorphology geometric morphometrics feeding modes <i>Trematomus</i> adaptation strategies Ross Sea |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/12/1876 |
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