Spruce Bark-Extracted Lignin and Tannin-Based Bioresin-Adhesives: Effect of Curing Temperatures on the Thermal Properties of the Resins
In this study, formaldehyde-free bioresin adhesives were synthesised from lignin and tannin, which were obtained from softwood bark. The extraction was done via organosolv treatment and hot water extraction, respectively. A non-volatile, non-toxic aldehyde, glyoxal, was used as a substitute for form...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-06-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/12/3523 |
| _version_ | 1797530785370079232 |
|---|---|
| author | Sunanda Sain Leonidas Matsakas Ulrika Rova Paul Christakopoulos Tommy Öman Mikael Skrifvars |
| author_facet | Sunanda Sain Leonidas Matsakas Ulrika Rova Paul Christakopoulos Tommy Öman Mikael Skrifvars |
| author_sort | Sunanda Sain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, formaldehyde-free bioresin adhesives were synthesised from lignin and tannin, which were obtained from softwood bark. The extraction was done via organosolv treatment and hot water extraction, respectively. A non-volatile, non-toxic aldehyde, glyoxal, was used as a substitute for formaldehyde in order to modify the chemical structure of both the lignin and tannin. The glyoxal modification reaction was confirmed by ATR–FTIR spectroscopy. Three different resin formulations were prepared using modified lignin along with the modified tannin. The thermal properties of the modified lignin, tannin, and the bioresins were assessed by DSC and TGA. When the bioresins were cured at a high temperature (200 °C) by compression moulding, they exhibited higher thermal stability as well as an enhanced degree of cross-linking compared to the low temperature-cured bioresins. The thermal properties of the resins were strongly affected by the compositions of the resins as well as the curing temperatures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:33:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b93c118cf4c42feb80bbb38f29acf85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:33:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b93c118cf4c42feb80bbb38f29acf852023-11-21T23:25:17ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-06-012612352310.3390/molecules26123523Spruce Bark-Extracted Lignin and Tannin-Based Bioresin-Adhesives: Effect of Curing Temperatures on the Thermal Properties of the ResinsSunanda Sain0Leonidas Matsakas1Ulrika Rova2Paul Christakopoulos3Tommy Öman4Mikael Skrifvars5Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE-501 90 Borås, SwedenBiochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, SwedenBiochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, SwedenBiochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, SwedenMaterials and Production, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, SE-943 33 Öjebyn, SwedenSwedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE-501 90 Borås, SwedenIn this study, formaldehyde-free bioresin adhesives were synthesised from lignin and tannin, which were obtained from softwood bark. The extraction was done via organosolv treatment and hot water extraction, respectively. A non-volatile, non-toxic aldehyde, glyoxal, was used as a substitute for formaldehyde in order to modify the chemical structure of both the lignin and tannin. The glyoxal modification reaction was confirmed by ATR–FTIR spectroscopy. Three different resin formulations were prepared using modified lignin along with the modified tannin. The thermal properties of the modified lignin, tannin, and the bioresins were assessed by DSC and TGA. When the bioresins were cured at a high temperature (200 °C) by compression moulding, they exhibited higher thermal stability as well as an enhanced degree of cross-linking compared to the low temperature-cured bioresins. The thermal properties of the resins were strongly affected by the compositions of the resins as well as the curing temperatures.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/12/3523bioresin adhesiveligninwood panelcross-linkingcuringthermogravimetric analysis |
| spellingShingle | Sunanda Sain Leonidas Matsakas Ulrika Rova Paul Christakopoulos Tommy Öman Mikael Skrifvars Spruce Bark-Extracted Lignin and Tannin-Based Bioresin-Adhesives: Effect of Curing Temperatures on the Thermal Properties of the Resins Molecules bioresin adhesive lignin wood panel cross-linking curing thermogravimetric analysis |
| title | Spruce Bark-Extracted Lignin and Tannin-Based Bioresin-Adhesives: Effect of Curing Temperatures on the Thermal Properties of the Resins |
| title_full | Spruce Bark-Extracted Lignin and Tannin-Based Bioresin-Adhesives: Effect of Curing Temperatures on the Thermal Properties of the Resins |
| title_fullStr | Spruce Bark-Extracted Lignin and Tannin-Based Bioresin-Adhesives: Effect of Curing Temperatures on the Thermal Properties of the Resins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spruce Bark-Extracted Lignin and Tannin-Based Bioresin-Adhesives: Effect of Curing Temperatures on the Thermal Properties of the Resins |
| title_short | Spruce Bark-Extracted Lignin and Tannin-Based Bioresin-Adhesives: Effect of Curing Temperatures on the Thermal Properties of the Resins |
| title_sort | spruce bark extracted lignin and tannin based bioresin adhesives effect of curing temperatures on the thermal properties of the resins |
| topic | bioresin adhesive lignin wood panel cross-linking curing thermogravimetric analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/12/3523 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sunandasain sprucebarkextractedligninandtanninbasedbioresinadhesiveseffectofcuringtemperaturesonthethermalpropertiesoftheresins AT leonidasmatsakas sprucebarkextractedligninandtanninbasedbioresinadhesiveseffectofcuringtemperaturesonthethermalpropertiesoftheresins AT ulrikarova sprucebarkextractedligninandtanninbasedbioresinadhesiveseffectofcuringtemperaturesonthethermalpropertiesoftheresins AT paulchristakopoulos sprucebarkextractedligninandtanninbasedbioresinadhesiveseffectofcuringtemperaturesonthethermalpropertiesoftheresins AT tommyoman sprucebarkextractedligninandtanninbasedbioresinadhesiveseffectofcuringtemperaturesonthethermalpropertiesoftheresins AT mikaelskrifvars sprucebarkextractedligninandtanninbasedbioresinadhesiveseffectofcuringtemperaturesonthethermalpropertiesoftheresins |