Fasting Protocols Do Not Improve Intestinal Architecture and Immune Parameters in C57BL/6 Male Mice Fed a High Fat Diet
Background: The intestinal ecosystem, including epithelium, immune cells, and microbiota, are influenced by diet and timing of food consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various dietary protocols after ad libitum high fat diet (HFD) consumption on intestinal morphology and mucosal i...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Medicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/10/2/18 |
| _version_ | 1797619359191924736 |
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| author | Raed Y. Ageeli Sunita Sharma Melissa Puppa Richard J. Bloomer Randal K. Buddington Marie van der Merwe |
| author_facet | Raed Y. Ageeli Sunita Sharma Melissa Puppa Richard J. Bloomer Randal K. Buddington Marie van der Merwe |
| author_sort | Raed Y. Ageeli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The intestinal ecosystem, including epithelium, immune cells, and microbiota, are influenced by diet and timing of food consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various dietary protocols after ad libitum high fat diet (HFD) consumption on intestinal morphology and mucosal immunity. Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were fed a 45% high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks and then randomized to the following protocols; (1) chow, (2) a purified high fiber diet known as the Daniel Fast (DF), HFD consumed (3) ad libitum or in a restricted manner; (4) caloric-restricted, (5) time-restricted (six hours of fasting in each 24 h), or (6) alternate-day fasting (24 h fasting every other day). Intestinal morphology and gut-associated immune parameters were investigated after 2 months on respective protocols. Results: Consuming a HFD resulted in shortening of the intestine and reduction in villi and crypt size. Fasting, while consuming the HFD, did not restore these parameters to the extent seen with the chow and DF diet. Goblet cell number and regulatory T cells had improved recovery with high fiber diets, not seen with the HFD irrespective of fasting. Conclusion: Nutritional content is a critical determinant of intestinal parameters associated with gut health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:27:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b966a3e18f845e38f11ef81a9b9f11d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6320 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:27:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b966a3e18f845e38f11ef81a9b9f11d2023-11-16T22:01:36ZengMDPI AGMedicines2305-63202023-02-011021810.3390/medicines10020018Fasting Protocols Do Not Improve Intestinal Architecture and Immune Parameters in C57BL/6 Male Mice Fed a High Fat DietRaed Y. Ageeli0Sunita Sharma1Melissa Puppa2Richard J. Bloomer3Randal K. Buddington4Marie van der Merwe5College of Health Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USACollege of Health Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USACollege of Health Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USACollege of Health Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USACollege of Health Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USACollege of Health Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USABackground: The intestinal ecosystem, including epithelium, immune cells, and microbiota, are influenced by diet and timing of food consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various dietary protocols after ad libitum high fat diet (HFD) consumption on intestinal morphology and mucosal immunity. Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were fed a 45% high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks and then randomized to the following protocols; (1) chow, (2) a purified high fiber diet known as the Daniel Fast (DF), HFD consumed (3) ad libitum or in a restricted manner; (4) caloric-restricted, (5) time-restricted (six hours of fasting in each 24 h), or (6) alternate-day fasting (24 h fasting every other day). Intestinal morphology and gut-associated immune parameters were investigated after 2 months on respective protocols. Results: Consuming a HFD resulted in shortening of the intestine and reduction in villi and crypt size. Fasting, while consuming the HFD, did not restore these parameters to the extent seen with the chow and DF diet. Goblet cell number and regulatory T cells had improved recovery with high fiber diets, not seen with the HFD irrespective of fasting. Conclusion: Nutritional content is a critical determinant of intestinal parameters associated with gut health.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/10/2/18time-restricted feedingalternate day fastinghigh fat diet (HFD)plant based dietmucosal immune systemintestinal morphology/histology |
| spellingShingle | Raed Y. Ageeli Sunita Sharma Melissa Puppa Richard J. Bloomer Randal K. Buddington Marie van der Merwe Fasting Protocols Do Not Improve Intestinal Architecture and Immune Parameters in C57BL/6 Male Mice Fed a High Fat Diet Medicines time-restricted feeding alternate day fasting high fat diet (HFD) plant based diet mucosal immune system intestinal morphology/histology |
| title | Fasting Protocols Do Not Improve Intestinal Architecture and Immune Parameters in C57BL/6 Male Mice Fed a High Fat Diet |
| title_full | Fasting Protocols Do Not Improve Intestinal Architecture and Immune Parameters in C57BL/6 Male Mice Fed a High Fat Diet |
| title_fullStr | Fasting Protocols Do Not Improve Intestinal Architecture and Immune Parameters in C57BL/6 Male Mice Fed a High Fat Diet |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fasting Protocols Do Not Improve Intestinal Architecture and Immune Parameters in C57BL/6 Male Mice Fed a High Fat Diet |
| title_short | Fasting Protocols Do Not Improve Intestinal Architecture and Immune Parameters in C57BL/6 Male Mice Fed a High Fat Diet |
| title_sort | fasting protocols do not improve intestinal architecture and immune parameters in c57bl 6 male mice fed a high fat diet |
| topic | time-restricted feeding alternate day fasting high fat diet (HFD) plant based diet mucosal immune system intestinal morphology/histology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/10/2/18 |
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