Tri-Planar Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Characteristics of SS 316L Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Test Artifacts and Effect of Base Plate Removal
The precision of LPBF manufactured parts is quantified by characterizing the geometric tolerances based on the ISO 1101 standard. However, there are research gaps in the characterization of geometric tolerance of LPBF parts. A literature survey reveals three significant research gaps: (1) systematic...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/13/3575 |
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| author | Baltej Singh Rupal Tegbir Singh Tonya Wolfe Marc Secanell Ahmed Jawad Qureshi |
| author_facet | Baltej Singh Rupal Tegbir Singh Tonya Wolfe Marc Secanell Ahmed Jawad Qureshi |
| author_sort | Baltej Singh Rupal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The precision of LPBF manufactured parts is quantified by characterizing the geometric tolerances based on the ISO 1101 standard. However, there are research gaps in the characterization of geometric tolerance of LPBF parts. A literature survey reveals three significant research gaps: (1) systematic design of benchmarks for geometric tolerance characterization with minimum experimentation; (2) holistic geometric tolerance characterization in different orientations and with varying feature sizes; and (3) a comparison of results, with and without the base plate. This research article focuses on addressing these issues by systematically designing a benchmark that can characterize geometric tolerances in three principal planar directions. The designed benchmark was simulated using the finite element method, manufactured using a commercial LPBF process using stainless steel (SS 316L) powder, and the geometric tolerances were characterized. The effect of base plate removal on the geometric tolerances was quantified. Simulation and experimental results were compared to understand tolerance variations using process variations such as base plate removal, orientation, and size. The tolerance zone variations not only validate the need for systematically designed benchmarks, but also for tri-planar characterization. Simulation and experimental result comparisons provide quantitative information about the applicability of numerical simulation for geometric tolerance prediction for the LPBF process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:01:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b966e3e0898438c93a2792867c476bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:01:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b966e3e0898438c93a2792867c476bf2023-11-22T01:51:02ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-06-011413357510.3390/ma14133575Tri-Planar Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Characteristics of SS 316L Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Test Artifacts and Effect of Base Plate RemovalBaltej Singh Rupal0Tegbir Singh1Tonya Wolfe2Marc Secanell3Ahmed Jawad Qureshi4Additive Design and Manufacturing Systems (ADaMS) Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G8, CanadaInnoTech Alberta, Surface Engineering, Edmonton, AB T6N 1E4, CanadaInnoTech Alberta, Surface Engineering, Edmonton, AB T6N 1E4, CanadaEnergy Systems Design Lab (ESDL), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G8, CanadaAdditive Design and Manufacturing Systems (ADaMS) Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G8, CanadaThe precision of LPBF manufactured parts is quantified by characterizing the geometric tolerances based on the ISO 1101 standard. However, there are research gaps in the characterization of geometric tolerance of LPBF parts. A literature survey reveals three significant research gaps: (1) systematic design of benchmarks for geometric tolerance characterization with minimum experimentation; (2) holistic geometric tolerance characterization in different orientations and with varying feature sizes; and (3) a comparison of results, with and without the base plate. This research article focuses on addressing these issues by systematically designing a benchmark that can characterize geometric tolerances in three principal planar directions. The designed benchmark was simulated using the finite element method, manufactured using a commercial LPBF process using stainless steel (SS 316L) powder, and the geometric tolerances were characterized. The effect of base plate removal on the geometric tolerances was quantified. Simulation and experimental results were compared to understand tolerance variations using process variations such as base plate removal, orientation, and size. The tolerance zone variations not only validate the need for systematically designed benchmarks, but also for tri-planar characterization. Simulation and experimental result comparisons provide quantitative information about the applicability of numerical simulation for geometric tolerance prediction for the LPBF process.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/13/3575laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)benchmark test artifactnumerical simulationsdimensional metrologygeometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) |
| spellingShingle | Baltej Singh Rupal Tegbir Singh Tonya Wolfe Marc Secanell Ahmed Jawad Qureshi Tri-Planar Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Characteristics of SS 316L Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Test Artifacts and Effect of Base Plate Removal Materials laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) benchmark test artifact numerical simulations dimensional metrology geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) |
| title | Tri-Planar Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Characteristics of SS 316L Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Test Artifacts and Effect of Base Plate Removal |
| title_full | Tri-Planar Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Characteristics of SS 316L Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Test Artifacts and Effect of Base Plate Removal |
| title_fullStr | Tri-Planar Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Characteristics of SS 316L Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Test Artifacts and Effect of Base Plate Removal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tri-Planar Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Characteristics of SS 316L Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Test Artifacts and Effect of Base Plate Removal |
| title_short | Tri-Planar Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Characteristics of SS 316L Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Test Artifacts and Effect of Base Plate Removal |
| title_sort | tri planar geometric dimensioning and tolerancing characteristics of ss 316l laser powder bed fusion process test artifacts and effect of base plate removal |
| topic | laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) benchmark test artifact numerical simulations dimensional metrology geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/13/3575 |
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