Hypertrophy Stimulation at the Onset of Type I Diabetes Maintains the Soleus but Not the EDL Muscle Mass in Wistar Rats
Diabetes mellitus induces a reduction in skeletal muscle mass and strength. Strength training is prescribed as part of treatment since it improves glycemic control and promotes increase of skeletal muscle mass. The mechanisms involved in overload-induced muscle hypertrophy elicited at the establishm...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.00830/full |
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| author | Marco A. S. Fortes Maria V. M. Scervino Gabriel N. Marzuca-Nassr Gabriel N. Marzuca-Nassr Kaio F. Vitzel Carlos H. da Justa Pinheiro Rui Curi Rui Curi |
| author_facet | Marco A. S. Fortes Maria V. M. Scervino Gabriel N. Marzuca-Nassr Gabriel N. Marzuca-Nassr Kaio F. Vitzel Carlos H. da Justa Pinheiro Rui Curi Rui Curi |
| author_sort | Marco A. S. Fortes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diabetes mellitus induces a reduction in skeletal muscle mass and strength. Strength training is prescribed as part of treatment since it improves glycemic control and promotes increase of skeletal muscle mass. The mechanisms involved in overload-induced muscle hypertrophy elicited at the establishment of the type I diabetic state was investigated in Wistar rats. The purpose was to examine whether the overload-induced hypertrophy can counteract the hypotrophy associated to the diabetic state. The experiments were performed in oxidative (soleus) or glycolytic (EDL) muscles. PI3K/Akt/mTOR protein synthesis pathway was evaluated 7 days after overload-induced hypertrophy of soleus and of EDL muscles. The mRNA expression of genes associated with different signaling pathways that control muscle hypertrophy was also evaluated: mechanotransduction (FAK), Wnt/β-catenin, myostatin, and follistatin. The soleus and EDL muscles when submitted to overload had similar hypertrophic responses in control and diabetic animals. The increase of absolute and specific twitch and tetanic forces had the same magnitude as muscle hypertrophic response. Hypertrophy of the EDL muscle from diabetic animals mostly involved mechanical loading-stimulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway besides the reduced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decrease of myostatin expression. Hypertrophy was more pronounced in the soleus muscle of diabetic animals due to a more potent activation of rpS6 and increased mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), mechano-growth factor (MGF) and follistatin, and decrease of myostatin, MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 contents. The signaling changes enabled the soleus muscle mass and force of the diabetic rats to reach the values of the control group. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:40:35Z |
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| id | doaj.art-2b98ba414afc4c0bb41b3e76454dcc77 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:40:35Z |
| publishDate | 2017-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b98ba414afc4c0bb41b3e76454dcc772022-12-22T00:53:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2017-10-01810.3389/fphys.2017.00830293556Hypertrophy Stimulation at the Onset of Type I Diabetes Maintains the Soleus but Not the EDL Muscle Mass in Wistar RatsMarco A. S. Fortes0Maria V. M. Scervino1Gabriel N. Marzuca-Nassr2Gabriel N. Marzuca-Nassr3Kaio F. Vitzel4Carlos H. da Justa Pinheiro5Rui Curi6Rui Curi7Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, ChileSchool of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Albany, New ZealandDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilInterdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, BrazilDiabetes mellitus induces a reduction in skeletal muscle mass and strength. Strength training is prescribed as part of treatment since it improves glycemic control and promotes increase of skeletal muscle mass. The mechanisms involved in overload-induced muscle hypertrophy elicited at the establishment of the type I diabetic state was investigated in Wistar rats. The purpose was to examine whether the overload-induced hypertrophy can counteract the hypotrophy associated to the diabetic state. The experiments were performed in oxidative (soleus) or glycolytic (EDL) muscles. PI3K/Akt/mTOR protein synthesis pathway was evaluated 7 days after overload-induced hypertrophy of soleus and of EDL muscles. The mRNA expression of genes associated with different signaling pathways that control muscle hypertrophy was also evaluated: mechanotransduction (FAK), Wnt/β-catenin, myostatin, and follistatin. The soleus and EDL muscles when submitted to overload had similar hypertrophic responses in control and diabetic animals. The increase of absolute and specific twitch and tetanic forces had the same magnitude as muscle hypertrophic response. Hypertrophy of the EDL muscle from diabetic animals mostly involved mechanical loading-stimulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway besides the reduced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decrease of myostatin expression. Hypertrophy was more pronounced in the soleus muscle of diabetic animals due to a more potent activation of rpS6 and increased mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), mechano-growth factor (MGF) and follistatin, and decrease of myostatin, MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 contents. The signaling changes enabled the soleus muscle mass and force of the diabetic rats to reach the values of the control group.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.00830/fullskeletal muscleprotein synthesismuscle strengthhyperglycemiaelectrostimulationmuscle mass regulation |
| spellingShingle | Marco A. S. Fortes Maria V. M. Scervino Gabriel N. Marzuca-Nassr Gabriel N. Marzuca-Nassr Kaio F. Vitzel Carlos H. da Justa Pinheiro Rui Curi Rui Curi Hypertrophy Stimulation at the Onset of Type I Diabetes Maintains the Soleus but Not the EDL Muscle Mass in Wistar Rats Frontiers in Physiology skeletal muscle protein synthesis muscle strength hyperglycemia electrostimulation muscle mass regulation |
| title | Hypertrophy Stimulation at the Onset of Type I Diabetes Maintains the Soleus but Not the EDL Muscle Mass in Wistar Rats |
| title_full | Hypertrophy Stimulation at the Onset of Type I Diabetes Maintains the Soleus but Not the EDL Muscle Mass in Wistar Rats |
| title_fullStr | Hypertrophy Stimulation at the Onset of Type I Diabetes Maintains the Soleus but Not the EDL Muscle Mass in Wistar Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hypertrophy Stimulation at the Onset of Type I Diabetes Maintains the Soleus but Not the EDL Muscle Mass in Wistar Rats |
| title_short | Hypertrophy Stimulation at the Onset of Type I Diabetes Maintains the Soleus but Not the EDL Muscle Mass in Wistar Rats |
| title_sort | hypertrophy stimulation at the onset of type i diabetes maintains the soleus but not the edl muscle mass in wistar rats |
| topic | skeletal muscle protein synthesis muscle strength hyperglycemia electrostimulation muscle mass regulation |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.00830/full |
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