Risks of Adverse Outcomes for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients during the Four Waves in Brazil According to SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Age Group, and Vaccine Status
Brazil was hit with four consecutive waves of COVID-19 until 2022 due to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (B.1 lineage), followed by the emergence of variants/subvariants. Relative risks of adverse outcomes for COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the four waves were evaluated. Data were extracted from the...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-09-01
|
| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/10/1997 |
| _version_ | 1797572073780936704 |
|---|---|
| author | Natália Satchiko Hojo-Souza Waasila Jassat Daniel Ludovico Guidoni Fernanda Sumika Hojo de Souza |
| author_facet | Natália Satchiko Hojo-Souza Waasila Jassat Daniel Ludovico Guidoni Fernanda Sumika Hojo de Souza |
| author_sort | Natália Satchiko Hojo-Souza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Brazil was hit with four consecutive waves of COVID-19 until 2022 due to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (B.1 lineage), followed by the emergence of variants/subvariants. Relative risks of adverse outcomes for COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the four waves were evaluated. Data were extracted from the largest Brazilian database (SIVEP-Gripe), and COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized during the peak of each of the four waves (15-week intervals) were included in this study. The outcomes of in-hospital death, invasive (IMV) and non-invasive (NIV) ventilation requirements, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were analyzed to estimate the relative risks. A higher risk of in-hospital death was found during the second wave for all age groups, but a significant reduction was observed in the risk of death for the elderly during the third and fourth waves compared to patients in the first wave. There was an increased risk of IMV requirement and ICU admissions during the second wave for patients aged 18–59 years old compared to the first wave. Relative risk analysis showed that booster-vaccinated individuals have lower risks of in-hospital death and IMV requirement in all age groups compared to unvaccinated/partially vaccinated patients, demonstrating the relevance of full/booster vaccination in reducing adverse outcomes for patients who were hospitalized during the variant prevalence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:49:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2b999cf92fde4efda6f65de7a1030c41 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:49:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b999cf92fde4efda6f65de7a1030c412023-11-19T18:26:39ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-09-011510199710.3390/v15101997Risks of Adverse Outcomes for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients during the Four Waves in Brazil According to SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Age Group, and Vaccine StatusNatália Satchiko Hojo-Souza0Waasila Jassat1Daniel Ludovico Guidoni2Fernanda Sumika Hojo de Souza3Laboratory of Immunopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation—Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, BrazilDivision of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg 2131, South AfricaDepartment of Computing, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro Campus, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, BrazilDepartment of Computing, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro Campus, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, BrazilBrazil was hit with four consecutive waves of COVID-19 until 2022 due to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (B.1 lineage), followed by the emergence of variants/subvariants. Relative risks of adverse outcomes for COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the four waves were evaluated. Data were extracted from the largest Brazilian database (SIVEP-Gripe), and COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized during the peak of each of the four waves (15-week intervals) were included in this study. The outcomes of in-hospital death, invasive (IMV) and non-invasive (NIV) ventilation requirements, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were analyzed to estimate the relative risks. A higher risk of in-hospital death was found during the second wave for all age groups, but a significant reduction was observed in the risk of death for the elderly during the third and fourth waves compared to patients in the first wave. There was an increased risk of IMV requirement and ICU admissions during the second wave for patients aged 18–59 years old compared to the first wave. Relative risk analysis showed that booster-vaccinated individuals have lower risks of in-hospital death and IMV requirement in all age groups compared to unvaccinated/partially vaccinated patients, demonstrating the relevance of full/booster vaccination in reducing adverse outcomes for patients who were hospitalized during the variant prevalence.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/10/1997COVID-19SARS-CoV-2variants of concernwavesadverse outcomesBrazil |
| spellingShingle | Natália Satchiko Hojo-Souza Waasila Jassat Daniel Ludovico Guidoni Fernanda Sumika Hojo de Souza Risks of Adverse Outcomes for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients during the Four Waves in Brazil According to SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Age Group, and Vaccine Status Viruses COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern waves adverse outcomes Brazil |
| title | Risks of Adverse Outcomes for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients during the Four Waves in Brazil According to SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Age Group, and Vaccine Status |
| title_full | Risks of Adverse Outcomes for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients during the Four Waves in Brazil According to SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Age Group, and Vaccine Status |
| title_fullStr | Risks of Adverse Outcomes for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients during the Four Waves in Brazil According to SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Age Group, and Vaccine Status |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risks of Adverse Outcomes for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients during the Four Waves in Brazil According to SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Age Group, and Vaccine Status |
| title_short | Risks of Adverse Outcomes for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients during the Four Waves in Brazil According to SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Age Group, and Vaccine Status |
| title_sort | risks of adverse outcomes for hospitalized covid 19 patients during the four waves in brazil according to sars cov 2 variants age group and vaccine status |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern waves adverse outcomes Brazil |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/10/1997 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nataliasatchikohojosouza risksofadverseoutcomesforhospitalizedcovid19patientsduringthefourwavesinbrazilaccordingtosarscov2variantsagegroupandvaccinestatus AT waasilajassat risksofadverseoutcomesforhospitalizedcovid19patientsduringthefourwavesinbrazilaccordingtosarscov2variantsagegroupandvaccinestatus AT danielludovicoguidoni risksofadverseoutcomesforhospitalizedcovid19patientsduringthefourwavesinbrazilaccordingtosarscov2variantsagegroupandvaccinestatus AT fernandasumikahojodesouza risksofadverseoutcomesforhospitalizedcovid19patientsduringthefourwavesinbrazilaccordingtosarscov2variantsagegroupandvaccinestatus |