Depth Errors Analysis and Correction for Time-of-Flight (ToF) Cameras
Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras, a technology which has developed rapidly in recent years, are 3D imaging sensors providing a depth image as well as an amplitude image with a high frame rate. As a ToF camera is limited by the imaging conditions and external environment, its captured data are always sub...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/1/92 |
| _version_ | 1828115947630624768 |
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| author | Ying He Bin Liang Yu Zou Jin He Jun Yang |
| author_facet | Ying He Bin Liang Yu Zou Jin He Jun Yang |
| author_sort | Ying He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras, a technology which has developed rapidly in recent years, are 3D imaging sensors providing a depth image as well as an amplitude image with a high frame rate. As a ToF camera is limited by the imaging conditions and external environment, its captured data are always subject to certain errors. This paper analyzes the influence of typical external distractions including material, color, distance, lighting, etc. on the depth error of ToF cameras. Our experiments indicated that factors such as lighting, color, material, and distance could cause different influences on the depth error of ToF cameras. However, since the forms of errors are uncertain, it’s difficult to summarize them in a unified law. To further improve the measurement accuracy, this paper proposes an error correction method based on Particle Filter-Support Vector Machine (PF-SVM). Moreover, the experiment results showed that this method can effectively reduce the depth error of ToF cameras to 4.6 mm within its full measurement range (0.5–5 m). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:49:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ba17d1fc9b04d9ab0a97f0b5d60e31d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:49:28Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ba17d1fc9b04d9ab0a97f0b5d60e31d2022-12-22T04:23:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202017-01-011719210.3390/s17010092s17010092Depth Errors Analysis and Correction for Time-of-Flight (ToF) CamerasYing He0Bin Liang1Yu Zou2Jin He3Jun Yang4Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaShenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaDepartment of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaDepartment of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaShenzhen Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaTime-of-Flight (ToF) cameras, a technology which has developed rapidly in recent years, are 3D imaging sensors providing a depth image as well as an amplitude image with a high frame rate. As a ToF camera is limited by the imaging conditions and external environment, its captured data are always subject to certain errors. This paper analyzes the influence of typical external distractions including material, color, distance, lighting, etc. on the depth error of ToF cameras. Our experiments indicated that factors such as lighting, color, material, and distance could cause different influences on the depth error of ToF cameras. However, since the forms of errors are uncertain, it’s difficult to summarize them in a unified law. To further improve the measurement accuracy, this paper proposes an error correction method based on Particle Filter-Support Vector Machine (PF-SVM). Moreover, the experiment results showed that this method can effectively reduce the depth error of ToF cameras to 4.6 mm within its full measurement range (0.5–5 m).http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/1/92ToF cameradepth errorerror modelingerror correctionparticle filterSVM |
| spellingShingle | Ying He Bin Liang Yu Zou Jin He Jun Yang Depth Errors Analysis and Correction for Time-of-Flight (ToF) Cameras Sensors ToF camera depth error error modeling error correction particle filter SVM |
| title | Depth Errors Analysis and Correction for Time-of-Flight (ToF) Cameras |
| title_full | Depth Errors Analysis and Correction for Time-of-Flight (ToF) Cameras |
| title_fullStr | Depth Errors Analysis and Correction for Time-of-Flight (ToF) Cameras |
| title_full_unstemmed | Depth Errors Analysis and Correction for Time-of-Flight (ToF) Cameras |
| title_short | Depth Errors Analysis and Correction for Time-of-Flight (ToF) Cameras |
| title_sort | depth errors analysis and correction for time of flight tof cameras |
| topic | ToF camera depth error error modeling error correction particle filter SVM |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/1/92 |
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