Burning Behaviour of Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Histidine and Modified Graphene Oxide
Since rigid polyurethane (PU) foams are one of the most effective thermal insulation materials with widespread application, it is an urgent requirement to improve its fire retardancy and reduce the smoke emission. The current work assessed the fire behavior of PU foam with non-halogen fire retardant...
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| Format: | Article |
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2021-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/5/1184 |
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| author | Kamila Sałasińska Milena Leszczyńska Maciej Celiński Paweł Kozikowski Krystian Kowiorski Ludwika Lipińska |
| author_facet | Kamila Sałasińska Milena Leszczyńska Maciej Celiński Paweł Kozikowski Krystian Kowiorski Ludwika Lipińska |
| author_sort | Kamila Sałasińska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since rigid polyurethane (PU) foams are one of the most effective thermal insulation materials with widespread application, it is an urgent requirement to improve its fire retardancy and reduce the smoke emission. The current work assessed the fire behavior of PU foam with non-halogen fire retardants system, containing histidine (H) and modified graphene oxide (GO<sub>A</sub>). For investigated system, three loadings (10, 20, and 30 wt.%) were used. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, cone calorimetry (CC) and smoke density chamber tests as well as pre- and post-burning morphological evaluation using scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed. Moreover, TGA combined with FT-IR was conducted to determine the substances, which could be evolved during the thermal decomposition of the PU with fire retardant system. The results indicated a reduction in heat release rate (HRR), maximum average rate of heat emission (MAHRE), the total heat release (THR) as well as the total smoke release (TSR), and maximum specific optical density (Ds<sub>max</sub>) compared to the polyurethane with commercial fire retardant, namely ammonium polyphosphate (APP). A significantly improvement, especially in smoke suppression, suggested that HGO<sub>A</sub> system may be a candidate as a fire retardant to reduce the flammability of PU foams. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:49:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ba70c9ee2e4456e933069001d7ea785 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:49:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ba70c9ee2e4456e933069001d7ea7852023-12-03T12:17:51ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-03-01145118410.3390/ma14051184Burning Behaviour of Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Histidine and Modified Graphene OxideKamila Sałasińska0Milena Leszczyńska1Maciej Celiński2Paweł Kozikowski3Krystian Kowiorski4Ludwika Lipińska5Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, 00-701 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, 00-701 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, 00-701 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, 01-919 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, 01-919 Warsaw, PolandSince rigid polyurethane (PU) foams are one of the most effective thermal insulation materials with widespread application, it is an urgent requirement to improve its fire retardancy and reduce the smoke emission. The current work assessed the fire behavior of PU foam with non-halogen fire retardants system, containing histidine (H) and modified graphene oxide (GO<sub>A</sub>). For investigated system, three loadings (10, 20, and 30 wt.%) were used. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, cone calorimetry (CC) and smoke density chamber tests as well as pre- and post-burning morphological evaluation using scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed. Moreover, TGA combined with FT-IR was conducted to determine the substances, which could be evolved during the thermal decomposition of the PU with fire retardant system. The results indicated a reduction in heat release rate (HRR), maximum average rate of heat emission (MAHRE), the total heat release (THR) as well as the total smoke release (TSR), and maximum specific optical density (Ds<sub>max</sub>) compared to the polyurethane with commercial fire retardant, namely ammonium polyphosphate (APP). A significantly improvement, especially in smoke suppression, suggested that HGO<sub>A</sub> system may be a candidate as a fire retardant to reduce the flammability of PU foams.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/5/1184polyurethane foamgraphene oxideburning behaviorfire retardant |
| spellingShingle | Kamila Sałasińska Milena Leszczyńska Maciej Celiński Paweł Kozikowski Krystian Kowiorski Ludwika Lipińska Burning Behaviour of Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Histidine and Modified Graphene Oxide Materials polyurethane foam graphene oxide burning behavior fire retardant |
| title | Burning Behaviour of Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Histidine and Modified Graphene Oxide |
| title_full | Burning Behaviour of Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Histidine and Modified Graphene Oxide |
| title_fullStr | Burning Behaviour of Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Histidine and Modified Graphene Oxide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Burning Behaviour of Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Histidine and Modified Graphene Oxide |
| title_short | Burning Behaviour of Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Histidine and Modified Graphene Oxide |
| title_sort | burning behaviour of rigid polyurethane foams with histidine and modified graphene oxide |
| topic | polyurethane foam graphene oxide burning behavior fire retardant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/5/1184 |
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