Causal associations between blood pressure and the risk of myocardial infarction: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
IntroductionMany observational studies imply elevated blood pressure (BP) as a leading risk factor for incident myocardial infarction (MI), but whether this relationship is causal remains unknown. In this study, we used bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential causal a...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.924525/full |
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| author | Zhi-Qiang Yang Ting-Ting Fan Zheng Wang Wan-Ting Zhou Zhen-Xian Wang Yan Tan Qi Wu Bang-Long Xu |
| author_facet | Zhi-Qiang Yang Ting-Ting Fan Zheng Wang Wan-Ting Zhou Zhen-Xian Wang Yan Tan Qi Wu Bang-Long Xu |
| author_sort | Zhi-Qiang Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionMany observational studies imply elevated blood pressure (BP) as a leading risk factor for incident myocardial infarction (MI), but whether this relationship is causal remains unknown. In this study, we used bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential causal association of BP levels with the risk of MI.MethodsGenetic variants associated with BP and MI traits were retrieved from the International Consortium of Blood Pressure (N = 7,57,601) and UKB (N = 3,61,194), obtaining 1,26,40,541 variants. We used two-sample MR (TSMR) analyses to examine the potential bidirectional causal association of systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) with MI.ResultsThe forward MR analysis identified a potentially causal association between MI and BP except PP[odds ratio (OR) SBP: 1.0008, P = 1.911 × 10−22; ORDBP: 1.0014, P = 1.788 × 10−28;odds ratio (OR)pp: 1.0092, P = 0.179]. However, the reverse analysis suggested no causal relation (betaSBP: 5.469, P = 0.763; betaDBP: 3.624, P = 0.588; betaPP: −0.074, P = 0.912). These findings were robust in sensitivity analyses such as the MR–Egger method, the maximum likelihood method and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test (MR-PRESSO). No horizontal pleiotropy (p = 0.869 for SBP, p = 0.109 for DBP and p = 0.978 for PP in the forward results and p = 0.168 for SBP, P = 0.892 for DBP and p = 0.989 for PP in the reverse results) was observed.ConclusionsElevated SBP or DBP levels increase the risk of MI, but there is no causal relationship between MI and changes in BP including PP. Independent of other risk factors, optimal BP control might represent an important therapeutic target for MI prevention in the general population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:32:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2bae0f8edfbf4acc980036525c03879a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-055X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:32:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-2bae0f8edfbf4acc980036525c03879a2022-12-22T04:11:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine2297-055X2022-11-01910.3389/fcvm.2022.924525924525Causal associations between blood pressure and the risk of myocardial infarction: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization studyZhi-Qiang YangTing-Ting FanZheng WangWan-Ting ZhouZhen-Xian WangYan TanQi WuBang-Long XuIntroductionMany observational studies imply elevated blood pressure (BP) as a leading risk factor for incident myocardial infarction (MI), but whether this relationship is causal remains unknown. In this study, we used bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential causal association of BP levels with the risk of MI.MethodsGenetic variants associated with BP and MI traits were retrieved from the International Consortium of Blood Pressure (N = 7,57,601) and UKB (N = 3,61,194), obtaining 1,26,40,541 variants. We used two-sample MR (TSMR) analyses to examine the potential bidirectional causal association of systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) with MI.ResultsThe forward MR analysis identified a potentially causal association between MI and BP except PP[odds ratio (OR) SBP: 1.0008, P = 1.911 × 10−22; ORDBP: 1.0014, P = 1.788 × 10−28;odds ratio (OR)pp: 1.0092, P = 0.179]. However, the reverse analysis suggested no causal relation (betaSBP: 5.469, P = 0.763; betaDBP: 3.624, P = 0.588; betaPP: −0.074, P = 0.912). These findings were robust in sensitivity analyses such as the MR–Egger method, the maximum likelihood method and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test (MR-PRESSO). No horizontal pleiotropy (p = 0.869 for SBP, p = 0.109 for DBP and p = 0.978 for PP in the forward results and p = 0.168 for SBP, P = 0.892 for DBP and p = 0.989 for PP in the reverse results) was observed.ConclusionsElevated SBP or DBP levels increase the risk of MI, but there is no causal relationship between MI and changes in BP including PP. Independent of other risk factors, optimal BP control might represent an important therapeutic target for MI prevention in the general population.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.924525/fullblood pressuremyocardial infarctionbidirectional Mendelian randomizationgenome-wide association studycausation |
| spellingShingle | Zhi-Qiang Yang Ting-Ting Fan Zheng Wang Wan-Ting Zhou Zhen-Xian Wang Yan Tan Qi Wu Bang-Long Xu Causal associations between blood pressure and the risk of myocardial infarction: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine blood pressure myocardial infarction bidirectional Mendelian randomization genome-wide association study causation |
| title | Causal associations between blood pressure and the risk of myocardial infarction: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full | Causal associations between blood pressure and the risk of myocardial infarction: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
| title_fullStr | Causal associations between blood pressure and the risk of myocardial infarction: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Causal associations between blood pressure and the risk of myocardial infarction: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
| title_short | Causal associations between blood pressure and the risk of myocardial infarction: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
| title_sort | causal associations between blood pressure and the risk of myocardial infarction a bidirectional mendelian randomization study |
| topic | blood pressure myocardial infarction bidirectional Mendelian randomization genome-wide association study causation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.924525/full |
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