Liver Fat Storage Is a Better Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease than Visceral Fat
Fatty liver is one aspect of metabolic syndrome. The roles and contributions of fatty liver and visceral fat storage to coronary artery disease (CAD) are not clear. This study measured associations among visceral fat storage, fatty liver, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and CAD. Patients were d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/8/896 |
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| author | Maamoun Basheer Elias Saad Helena Jeries Nimer Assy |
| author_facet | Maamoun Basheer Elias Saad Helena Jeries Nimer Assy |
| author_sort | Maamoun Basheer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fatty liver is one aspect of metabolic syndrome. The roles and contributions of fatty liver and visceral fat storage to coronary artery disease (CAD) are not clear. This study measured associations among visceral fat storage, fatty liver, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and CAD. Patients were divided into three groups: excess visceral fat (visceral fat area >330 ± 99 cm<sup>2</sup>), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and a control group. The definition of fatty liver is liver minus spleen density greater than or equal to −10. We defined early atherosclerosis as intima–media thickness of the common carotid artery >7 mm in men and >0.65 mm in women, measured with Doppler ultrasound. Visceral fat area was defined using CT (>330 ± 99 cm<sup>2</sup>). Insulin-resistance biomarkers (HOMA), CRP, and oxidant–antioxidant status (MDA-Paraoxonase) were also measured. Patients with high liver or visceral fat showed higher coronary plaque prevalence (50% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), 38% (<i>p</i> < 0.01), respectively vs. 25% in the control group), higher prevalence of coronary stenosis (30% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), 22% (<i>p</i> < 0.01) vs. 11% in the control group), higher intimal thickening (0.98 ± 0.3 (<i>p</i>< 0.01), 0.86 ± 0.1 (<i>p</i> < 0.01) vs. 0.83 ± 0.1 in the control group), higher HOMA (4.0 ± 3.0 (<i>p</i> < 0.005), 3.0 ± 1.0 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) vs. 1.5 ± 1.2 in the control group), and higher triglyceride levels (196.8 ± 103 (<i>p</i> < 0.005), 182.6 ± 90.87 (<i>p</i> < 0.005) vs. 145 ± 60 in the control group). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that fatty liver predicted CAD (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.3–4.9, <i>p</i> < 0.001) independently of visceral fat storage (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.2–2.8, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Liver fat storage is a strong independent risk factor for CAD and carotid atherosclerosis and contributes more than visceral fat storage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:44:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2bb982f88de34e4c90b78b6c839b1da4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:44:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-2bb982f88de34e4c90b78b6c839b1da42023-11-19T02:08:31ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-07-0113889610.3390/metabo13080896Liver Fat Storage Is a Better Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease than Visceral FatMaamoun Basheer0Elias Saad1Helena Jeries2Nimer Assy3Internal Medicine Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, IsraelInternal Medicine Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, IsraelInternal Medicine Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, IsraelInternal Medicine Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, IsraelFatty liver is one aspect of metabolic syndrome. The roles and contributions of fatty liver and visceral fat storage to coronary artery disease (CAD) are not clear. This study measured associations among visceral fat storage, fatty liver, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and CAD. Patients were divided into three groups: excess visceral fat (visceral fat area >330 ± 99 cm<sup>2</sup>), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and a control group. The definition of fatty liver is liver minus spleen density greater than or equal to −10. We defined early atherosclerosis as intima–media thickness of the common carotid artery >7 mm in men and >0.65 mm in women, measured with Doppler ultrasound. Visceral fat area was defined using CT (>330 ± 99 cm<sup>2</sup>). Insulin-resistance biomarkers (HOMA), CRP, and oxidant–antioxidant status (MDA-Paraoxonase) were also measured. Patients with high liver or visceral fat showed higher coronary plaque prevalence (50% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), 38% (<i>p</i> < 0.01), respectively vs. 25% in the control group), higher prevalence of coronary stenosis (30% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), 22% (<i>p</i> < 0.01) vs. 11% in the control group), higher intimal thickening (0.98 ± 0.3 (<i>p</i>< 0.01), 0.86 ± 0.1 (<i>p</i> < 0.01) vs. 0.83 ± 0.1 in the control group), higher HOMA (4.0 ± 3.0 (<i>p</i> < 0.005), 3.0 ± 1.0 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) vs. 1.5 ± 1.2 in the control group), and higher triglyceride levels (196.8 ± 103 (<i>p</i> < 0.005), 182.6 ± 90.87 (<i>p</i> < 0.005) vs. 145 ± 60 in the control group). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that fatty liver predicted CAD (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.3–4.9, <i>p</i> < 0.001) independently of visceral fat storage (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.2–2.8, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Liver fat storage is a strong independent risk factor for CAD and carotid atherosclerosis and contributes more than visceral fat storage.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/8/896fatty livervisceral fatatherosclerosiscoronary plaquescardiac CTbiomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Maamoun Basheer Elias Saad Helena Jeries Nimer Assy Liver Fat Storage Is a Better Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease than Visceral Fat Metabolites fatty liver visceral fat atherosclerosis coronary plaques cardiac CT biomarkers |
| title | Liver Fat Storage Is a Better Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease than Visceral Fat |
| title_full | Liver Fat Storage Is a Better Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease than Visceral Fat |
| title_fullStr | Liver Fat Storage Is a Better Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease than Visceral Fat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Liver Fat Storage Is a Better Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease than Visceral Fat |
| title_short | Liver Fat Storage Is a Better Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease than Visceral Fat |
| title_sort | liver fat storage is a better predictor of coronary artery disease than visceral fat |
| topic | fatty liver visceral fat atherosclerosis coronary plaques cardiac CT biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/8/896 |
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