From Zn(II) to Cu(II) Detection by MRI Using Metal-Based Probes: Current Progress and Challenges
Zinc and copper are essential cations involved in numerous biological processes, and variations in their concentrations can cause diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancers. Hence, detection and quantification of these cations are of utmost importance for the early diagnosis o...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-11-01
|
| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/12/436 |
| _version_ | 1797546150568394752 |
|---|---|
| author | Kyangwi P. Malikidogo Harlei Martin Célia S. Bonnet |
| author_facet | Kyangwi P. Malikidogo Harlei Martin Célia S. Bonnet |
| author_sort | Kyangwi P. Malikidogo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zinc and copper are essential cations involved in numerous biological processes, and variations in their concentrations can cause diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancers. Hence, detection and quantification of these cations are of utmost importance for the early diagnosis of disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) responsive contrast agents (mainly Lanthanide(+III) complexes), relying on a change in the state of the MRI active part upon interaction with the cation of interest, e.g., switch ON/OFF or vice versa, have been successfully utilized to detect Zn<sup>2+</sup> and are now being developed to detect Cu<sup>2+</sup>. These paramagnetic probes mainly exploit the relaxation-based properties (T<sub>1</sub>-based contrast agents), but also the paramagnetic induced hyperfine shift properties (paraCEST and parashift probes) of the contrast agents. The challenges encountered going from Zn<sup>2+</sup> to Cu<sup>2+</sup> detection will be stressed and discussed herein, mainly involving the selectivity of the probes for the cation to detect and their responsivity at physiologically relevant concentrations. Depending on the response mechanism, the use of fast-field cycling MRI seems promising to increase the detection field while keeping a good response. In vivo applications of cation responsive MRI probes are only in their infancy and the recent developments will be described, along with the associated quantification problems. In the case of relaxation agents, the presence of another method of local quantification, e.g., synchrotron X-Ray fluorescence, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) techniques, or <sup>19</sup>F MRI is required, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:25:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2bbb568f545f4b189987db4be5246ba2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:25:59Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-2bbb568f545f4b189987db4be5246ba22023-11-20T22:56:41ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472020-11-01131243610.3390/ph13120436From Zn(II) to Cu(II) Detection by MRI Using Metal-Based Probes: Current Progress and ChallengesKyangwi P. Malikidogo0Harlei Martin1Célia S. Bonnet2Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, F-45071 Orléans 2, FranceCentre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, F-45071 Orléans 2, FranceCentre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, F-45071 Orléans 2, FranceZinc and copper are essential cations involved in numerous biological processes, and variations in their concentrations can cause diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancers. Hence, detection and quantification of these cations are of utmost importance for the early diagnosis of disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) responsive contrast agents (mainly Lanthanide(+III) complexes), relying on a change in the state of the MRI active part upon interaction with the cation of interest, e.g., switch ON/OFF or vice versa, have been successfully utilized to detect Zn<sup>2+</sup> and are now being developed to detect Cu<sup>2+</sup>. These paramagnetic probes mainly exploit the relaxation-based properties (T<sub>1</sub>-based contrast agents), but also the paramagnetic induced hyperfine shift properties (paraCEST and parashift probes) of the contrast agents. The challenges encountered going from Zn<sup>2+</sup> to Cu<sup>2+</sup> detection will be stressed and discussed herein, mainly involving the selectivity of the probes for the cation to detect and their responsivity at physiologically relevant concentrations. Depending on the response mechanism, the use of fast-field cycling MRI seems promising to increase the detection field while keeping a good response. In vivo applications of cation responsive MRI probes are only in their infancy and the recent developments will be described, along with the associated quantification problems. In the case of relaxation agents, the presence of another method of local quantification, e.g., synchrotron X-Ray fluorescence, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) techniques, or <sup>19</sup>F MRI is required, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/12/436zinc detectioncopper detectionMRIresponsive contrast agentslanthanidesmolecular imaging |
| spellingShingle | Kyangwi P. Malikidogo Harlei Martin Célia S. Bonnet From Zn(II) to Cu(II) Detection by MRI Using Metal-Based Probes: Current Progress and Challenges Pharmaceuticals zinc detection copper detection MRI responsive contrast agents lanthanides molecular imaging |
| title | From Zn(II) to Cu(II) Detection by MRI Using Metal-Based Probes: Current Progress and Challenges |
| title_full | From Zn(II) to Cu(II) Detection by MRI Using Metal-Based Probes: Current Progress and Challenges |
| title_fullStr | From Zn(II) to Cu(II) Detection by MRI Using Metal-Based Probes: Current Progress and Challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | From Zn(II) to Cu(II) Detection by MRI Using Metal-Based Probes: Current Progress and Challenges |
| title_short | From Zn(II) to Cu(II) Detection by MRI Using Metal-Based Probes: Current Progress and Challenges |
| title_sort | from zn ii to cu ii detection by mri using metal based probes current progress and challenges |
| topic | zinc detection copper detection MRI responsive contrast agents lanthanides molecular imaging |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/12/436 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kyangwipmalikidogo fromzniitocuiidetectionbymriusingmetalbasedprobescurrentprogressandchallenges AT harleimartin fromzniitocuiidetectionbymriusingmetalbasedprobescurrentprogressandchallenges AT celiasbonnet fromzniitocuiidetectionbymriusingmetalbasedprobescurrentprogressandchallenges |