Detection and Complete Genome Analysis of Circoviruses and Cycloviruses in the Small Indian Mongoose (<i>Urva auropunctata</i>): Identification of Novel Species
Fecal samples from 76 of 83 apparently healthy small Indian mongooses (<i>Urva auropunctata</i>) were PCR positive with circovirus/cyclovirus pan-<i>rep</i> (replicase gene) primers. In this case, 30 samples yielded high quality partial rep sequences (~400 bp), of which 26 se...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| author | Kerry Gainor Anne A. M. J. Becker Yashpal S. Malik Souvik Ghosh |
| author_facet | Kerry Gainor Anne A. M. J. Becker Yashpal S. Malik Souvik Ghosh |
| author_sort | Kerry Gainor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fecal samples from 76 of 83 apparently healthy small Indian mongooses (<i>Urva auropunctata</i>) were PCR positive with circovirus/cyclovirus pan-<i>rep</i> (replicase gene) primers. In this case, 30 samples yielded high quality partial rep sequences (~400 bp), of which 26 sequences shared maximum homology with cycloviruses from an arthropod, bats, humans or a sheep. Three sequences exhibited maximum identities with a bat circovirus, whilst a single sequence could not be assigned to either genus. Using inverse nested PCRs, the complete genomes of mongoose associated circoviruses (Mon-1, -29 and -66) and cycloviruses (Mon-20, -24, -32, -58, -60 and -62) were determined. Mon-1, -20, -24, -29, -32 and -66 shared <80% maximum genome-wide pairwise nucleotide sequence identities with circoviruses/cycloviruses from other animals/sources, and were assigned to novel circovirus, or cyclovirus species. Mon-58, -60 and -62 shared maximum pairwise identities of 79.90–80.20% with human and bat cycloviruses, which were borderline to the cut-off identity value for assigning novel cycloviral species. Despite high genetic diversity, the mongoose associated circoviruses/cycloviruses retained the various features that are conserved among members of the family <i>Circoviridae</i>, such as presence of the putative origin of replication (<i>ori</i>) in the 5′-intergenic region, conserved motifs in the putative replication-associated protein and an arginine rich region in the amino terminus of the putative capsid protein. Since only fecal samples were tested, and mongooses are polyphagous predators, we could not determine whether the mongoose associated circoviruses/cycloviruses were of dietary origin, or actually infected the host. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection and complete genome analysis of circoviruses/cycloviruses in the small Indian mongoose, warranting further studies in other species of mongooses. |
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| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
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| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-2bcef8515d204d08afbb618715f61ee02023-11-22T15:36:40ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-08-01139170010.3390/v13091700Detection and Complete Genome Analysis of Circoviruses and Cycloviruses in the Small Indian Mongoose (<i>Urva auropunctata</i>): Identification of Novel SpeciesKerry Gainor0Anne A. M. J. Becker1Yashpal S. Malik2Souvik Ghosh3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis, West IndiesDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis, West IndiesCollege of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana 141001, IndiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis, West IndiesFecal samples from 76 of 83 apparently healthy small Indian mongooses (<i>Urva auropunctata</i>) were PCR positive with circovirus/cyclovirus pan-<i>rep</i> (replicase gene) primers. In this case, 30 samples yielded high quality partial rep sequences (~400 bp), of which 26 sequences shared maximum homology with cycloviruses from an arthropod, bats, humans or a sheep. Three sequences exhibited maximum identities with a bat circovirus, whilst a single sequence could not be assigned to either genus. Using inverse nested PCRs, the complete genomes of mongoose associated circoviruses (Mon-1, -29 and -66) and cycloviruses (Mon-20, -24, -32, -58, -60 and -62) were determined. Mon-1, -20, -24, -29, -32 and -66 shared <80% maximum genome-wide pairwise nucleotide sequence identities with circoviruses/cycloviruses from other animals/sources, and were assigned to novel circovirus, or cyclovirus species. Mon-58, -60 and -62 shared maximum pairwise identities of 79.90–80.20% with human and bat cycloviruses, which were borderline to the cut-off identity value for assigning novel cycloviral species. Despite high genetic diversity, the mongoose associated circoviruses/cycloviruses retained the various features that are conserved among members of the family <i>Circoviridae</i>, such as presence of the putative origin of replication (<i>ori</i>) in the 5′-intergenic region, conserved motifs in the putative replication-associated protein and an arginine rich region in the amino terminus of the putative capsid protein. Since only fecal samples were tested, and mongooses are polyphagous predators, we could not determine whether the mongoose associated circoviruses/cycloviruses were of dietary origin, or actually infected the host. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection and complete genome analysis of circoviruses/cycloviruses in the small Indian mongoose, warranting further studies in other species of mongooses.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/9/1700circoviruscyclovirussmall Indian mongoosecomplete genome analysisnovel species |
| spellingShingle | Kerry Gainor Anne A. M. J. Becker Yashpal S. Malik Souvik Ghosh Detection and Complete Genome Analysis of Circoviruses and Cycloviruses in the Small Indian Mongoose (<i>Urva auropunctata</i>): Identification of Novel Species Viruses circovirus cyclovirus small Indian mongoose complete genome analysis novel species |
| title | Detection and Complete Genome Analysis of Circoviruses and Cycloviruses in the Small Indian Mongoose (<i>Urva auropunctata</i>): Identification of Novel Species |
| title_full | Detection and Complete Genome Analysis of Circoviruses and Cycloviruses in the Small Indian Mongoose (<i>Urva auropunctata</i>): Identification of Novel Species |
| title_fullStr | Detection and Complete Genome Analysis of Circoviruses and Cycloviruses in the Small Indian Mongoose (<i>Urva auropunctata</i>): Identification of Novel Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection and Complete Genome Analysis of Circoviruses and Cycloviruses in the Small Indian Mongoose (<i>Urva auropunctata</i>): Identification of Novel Species |
| title_short | Detection and Complete Genome Analysis of Circoviruses and Cycloviruses in the Small Indian Mongoose (<i>Urva auropunctata</i>): Identification of Novel Species |
| title_sort | detection and complete genome analysis of circoviruses and cycloviruses in the small indian mongoose i urva auropunctata i identification of novel species |
| topic | circovirus cyclovirus small Indian mongoose complete genome analysis novel species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/9/1700 |
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