Multivariate Analysis of Water Quality Measurements on the Danube River
This study investigates the potential of using principal component analysis and other multivariate analysis techniques to evaluate water quality data gathered from natural watercourses. With this goal in mind, a comprehensive water quality data set was used for the analysis, gathered on a reach of t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/24/3634 |
| _version_ | 1797499822022852608 |
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| author | Zoltan Horvat Mirjana Horvat Kristian Pastor Vojislava Bursić Nikola Puvača |
| author_facet | Zoltan Horvat Mirjana Horvat Kristian Pastor Vojislava Bursić Nikola Puvača |
| author_sort | Zoltan Horvat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the potential of using principal component analysis and other multivariate analysis techniques to evaluate water quality data gathered from natural watercourses. With this goal in mind, a comprehensive water quality data set was used for the analysis, gathered on a reach of the Danube River in 2011. The considered measurements included physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The data were collected within seven data ranges (cross-sections) of the Danube River. Each cross-section had five verticals, each of which had five sampling points distributed over the water column. The gathered water quality data was then subjected to several multivariate analysis techniques. However, the most attention was attributed to the principal component analysis since it can provide an insight into possible grouping tendencies within verticals, cross-sections, or the entire considered reach. It has been concluded that there is no stratification in any of the analyzed water columns. However, there was an unambiguous clustering of sampling points with respect to their cross-sections. Even though one can attribute these phenomena to the unsteady flow in rivers, additional considerations suggest that the position of a cross-section can have a significant impact on the measured water quality parameters. Furthermore, the presented results indicate that these measurements, combined with several multivariate analysis methods, especially the principal component analysis, may be a promising approach for investigating the water quality tendencies of alluvial rivers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:52:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2bd6c7a0b3564a1d96515f0eeefa6f9c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:52:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-2bd6c7a0b3564a1d96515f0eeefa6f9c2023-11-23T11:02:02ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-12-011324363410.3390/w13243634Multivariate Analysis of Water Quality Measurements on the Danube RiverZoltan Horvat0Mirjana Horvat1Kristian Pastor2Vojislava Bursić3Nikola Puvača4Faculty of Civil Engineering Subotica, University of Novi Sad, Kozaracka 2a, 24000 Subotica, SerbiaFaculty of Civil Engineering Subotica, University of Novi Sad, Kozaracka 2a, 24000 Subotica, SerbiaFaculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaFaculty of Health, Jaume I University, Avinguda de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, SpainThis study investigates the potential of using principal component analysis and other multivariate analysis techniques to evaluate water quality data gathered from natural watercourses. With this goal in mind, a comprehensive water quality data set was used for the analysis, gathered on a reach of the Danube River in 2011. The considered measurements included physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The data were collected within seven data ranges (cross-sections) of the Danube River. Each cross-section had five verticals, each of which had five sampling points distributed over the water column. The gathered water quality data was then subjected to several multivariate analysis techniques. However, the most attention was attributed to the principal component analysis since it can provide an insight into possible grouping tendencies within verticals, cross-sections, or the entire considered reach. It has been concluded that there is no stratification in any of the analyzed water columns. However, there was an unambiguous clustering of sampling points with respect to their cross-sections. Even though one can attribute these phenomena to the unsteady flow in rivers, additional considerations suggest that the position of a cross-section can have a significant impact on the measured water quality parameters. Furthermore, the presented results indicate that these measurements, combined with several multivariate analysis methods, especially the principal component analysis, may be a promising approach for investigating the water quality tendencies of alluvial rivers.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/24/3634multivariate analysisprincipal component analysisalluvial riversDanube Riverwater quality |
| spellingShingle | Zoltan Horvat Mirjana Horvat Kristian Pastor Vojislava Bursić Nikola Puvača Multivariate Analysis of Water Quality Measurements on the Danube River Water multivariate analysis principal component analysis alluvial rivers Danube River water quality |
| title | Multivariate Analysis of Water Quality Measurements on the Danube River |
| title_full | Multivariate Analysis of Water Quality Measurements on the Danube River |
| title_fullStr | Multivariate Analysis of Water Quality Measurements on the Danube River |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multivariate Analysis of Water Quality Measurements on the Danube River |
| title_short | Multivariate Analysis of Water Quality Measurements on the Danube River |
| title_sort | multivariate analysis of water quality measurements on the danube river |
| topic | multivariate analysis principal component analysis alluvial rivers Danube River water quality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/24/3634 |
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