Immunoregulatory Markers in Human Saliva – A Non-Invasive Approach in the Diagnosis of Oral Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the oral mucosa. Currently, the diagnosis of oral cancer is based on clinical examination and histopathological analysis. Numerous potential biomarkers have been suggested for oral cancer diagnosis, but the results are contrad...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Sciendo
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Acta Medica Bulgarica |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2478/amb-2022-0045 |
| _version_ | 1797682316398559232 |
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| author | Bolyarova T. Mihailova-Kandilarova S. Stanimirov P. Yankova P. Adamov A. Mihaylova Z. |
| author_facet | Bolyarova T. Mihailova-Kandilarova S. Stanimirov P. Yankova P. Adamov A. Mihaylova Z. |
| author_sort | Bolyarova T. |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the oral mucosa. Currently, the diagnosis of oral cancer is based on clinical examination and histopathological analysis. Numerous potential biomarkers have been suggested for oral cancer diagnosis, but the results are contradictory. A great achievement could be identification of biomarkers that indicate the early stage and progression of OSCC. Saliva is an easy to obtain biological fluid containing specific molecules for various pathologies. Some reliable saliva molecules described as oral biomarkers for OSCC are cytokines. A number of studies have shown that higher levels of the proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines, like IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α in saliva could be used for early diagnosis of OSCC. Other studies have shown that the levels of some immunosuppressive cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-1RA) are elevated in saliva in OSCC patients compared to controls. The importance of the immunoregulatory molecules as markers for OSCC is debated. Further studies are needed to identify clinically relevant biomarkers for screening and early detection of oral cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:57:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2bde8d43c337481fb9691b5d87fb673c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2719-5384 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:57:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Sciendo |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Medica Bulgarica |
| spelling | doaj.art-2bde8d43c337481fb9691b5d87fb673c2023-09-18T06:32:59ZengSciendoActa Medica Bulgarica2719-53842022-12-01494636810.2478/amb-2022-0045Immunoregulatory Markers in Human Saliva – A Non-Invasive Approach in the Diagnosis of Oral Precancerous and Cancerous LesionsBolyarova T.0Mihailova-Kandilarova S.1Stanimirov P.2Yankova P.3Adamov A.4Mihaylova Z.5Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University – Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Clinical Immunology with Stem Cell Bank, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University – Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University – Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Clinical Immunology with Stem Cell Bank, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University – Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University – Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University – Sofia, BulgariaOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the oral mucosa. Currently, the diagnosis of oral cancer is based on clinical examination and histopathological analysis. Numerous potential biomarkers have been suggested for oral cancer diagnosis, but the results are contradictory. A great achievement could be identification of biomarkers that indicate the early stage and progression of OSCC. Saliva is an easy to obtain biological fluid containing specific molecules for various pathologies. Some reliable saliva molecules described as oral biomarkers for OSCC are cytokines. A number of studies have shown that higher levels of the proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines, like IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α in saliva could be used for early diagnosis of OSCC. Other studies have shown that the levels of some immunosuppressive cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-1RA) are elevated in saliva in OSCC patients compared to controls. The importance of the immunoregulatory molecules as markers for OSCC is debated. Further studies are needed to identify clinically relevant biomarkers for screening and early detection of oral cancer.https://doi.org/10.2478/amb-2022-0045oral squamous cell carcinomabiomarkerssalivacytokines |
| spellingShingle | Bolyarova T. Mihailova-Kandilarova S. Stanimirov P. Yankova P. Adamov A. Mihaylova Z. Immunoregulatory Markers in Human Saliva – A Non-Invasive Approach in the Diagnosis of Oral Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions Acta Medica Bulgarica oral squamous cell carcinoma biomarkers saliva cytokines |
| title | Immunoregulatory Markers in Human Saliva – A Non-Invasive Approach in the Diagnosis of Oral Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions |
| title_full | Immunoregulatory Markers in Human Saliva – A Non-Invasive Approach in the Diagnosis of Oral Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions |
| title_fullStr | Immunoregulatory Markers in Human Saliva – A Non-Invasive Approach in the Diagnosis of Oral Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunoregulatory Markers in Human Saliva – A Non-Invasive Approach in the Diagnosis of Oral Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions |
| title_short | Immunoregulatory Markers in Human Saliva – A Non-Invasive Approach in the Diagnosis of Oral Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions |
| title_sort | immunoregulatory markers in human saliva a non invasive approach in the diagnosis of oral precancerous and cancerous lesions |
| topic | oral squamous cell carcinoma biomarkers saliva cytokines |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2478/amb-2022-0045 |
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