Determination of Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Modified Cloud-Point Extraction Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
Cloud-point extraction (CPE) is rarely combined with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS) in drug determination due to the matrix effect (ME). However, we have recently shown that ME is not a limiting factor in CPE. Low extraction efficiency may be improved by salt addition, bu...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/12/458 |
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| author | Elżbieta Gniazdowska Natalia Korytowska Grzegorz Kłudka Joanna Giebułtowicz |
| author_facet | Elżbieta Gniazdowska Natalia Korytowska Grzegorz Kłudka Joanna Giebułtowicz |
| author_sort | Elżbieta Gniazdowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cloud-point extraction (CPE) is rarely combined with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS) in drug determination due to the matrix effect (ME). However, we have recently shown that ME is not a limiting factor in CPE. Low extraction efficiency may be improved by salt addition, but none of the salts used in CPE are suitable for LC–MS. It is the first time that the influences of a volatile salt—ammonium acetate (AA)—on the CPE extraction efficiency and ME have been studied. Our modification of CPE included also the use of ethanol instead of acetonitrile to reduce the sample viscosity and make the method more environmentally friendly. We developed and validated CPE–LC–MS for the simultaneous determination of 21 antidepressants in plasma that can be useful for clinical and forensic toxicology. The selected parameters included Triton X-114 concentration (1.5 and 6%, <i>w/v</i>), concentration of AA (0, 10, 20 and 30%, <i>w/v</i>), and pH (3.5, 6.8 and 10.2). The addition of 10% of AA increased recovery twice. For 20 and 30% (<i>w/v</i>) of AA, three phases were formed that prolonged the extraction process. The developed CPE method (6% Triton X-114, 10% AA, pH 10.2) was successfully validated through LC–MS/MS simultaneous determination of 21 antidepressants in human plasma. The linearity was in the range of 10–750 ng/mL (r<sup>2</sup> > 0.990). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:06:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2be21f4f62674e92aba5c05931d145e5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:06:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-2be21f4f62674e92aba5c05931d145e52023-11-21T00:34:29ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472020-12-01131245810.3390/ph13120458Determination of Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Modified Cloud-Point Extraction Coupled with Mass SpectrometryElżbieta Gniazdowska0Natalia Korytowska1Grzegorz Kłudka2Joanna Giebułtowicz3Łukasiewicz Research Network, Industrial Chemistry Institute, 8 Rydygiera, 01-793 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandCloud-point extraction (CPE) is rarely combined with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS) in drug determination due to the matrix effect (ME). However, we have recently shown that ME is not a limiting factor in CPE. Low extraction efficiency may be improved by salt addition, but none of the salts used in CPE are suitable for LC–MS. It is the first time that the influences of a volatile salt—ammonium acetate (AA)—on the CPE extraction efficiency and ME have been studied. Our modification of CPE included also the use of ethanol instead of acetonitrile to reduce the sample viscosity and make the method more environmentally friendly. We developed and validated CPE–LC–MS for the simultaneous determination of 21 antidepressants in plasma that can be useful for clinical and forensic toxicology. The selected parameters included Triton X-114 concentration (1.5 and 6%, <i>w/v</i>), concentration of AA (0, 10, 20 and 30%, <i>w/v</i>), and pH (3.5, 6.8 and 10.2). The addition of 10% of AA increased recovery twice. For 20 and 30% (<i>w/v</i>) of AA, three phases were formed that prolonged the extraction process. The developed CPE method (6% Triton X-114, 10% AA, pH 10.2) was successfully validated through LC–MS/MS simultaneous determination of 21 antidepressants in human plasma. The linearity was in the range of 10–750 ng/mL (r<sup>2</sup> > 0.990).https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/12/458sample preparationLC–MS/MSantidepressantbioanalytical methods |
| spellingShingle | Elżbieta Gniazdowska Natalia Korytowska Grzegorz Kłudka Joanna Giebułtowicz Determination of Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Modified Cloud-Point Extraction Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Pharmaceuticals sample preparation LC–MS/MS antidepressant bioanalytical methods |
| title | Determination of Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Modified Cloud-Point Extraction Coupled with Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full | Determination of Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Modified Cloud-Point Extraction Coupled with Mass Spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | Determination of Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Modified Cloud-Point Extraction Coupled with Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Modified Cloud-Point Extraction Coupled with Mass Spectrometry |
| title_short | Determination of Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Modified Cloud-Point Extraction Coupled with Mass Spectrometry |
| title_sort | determination of antidepressants in human plasma by modified cloud point extraction coupled with mass spectrometry |
| topic | sample preparation LC–MS/MS antidepressant bioanalytical methods |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/12/458 |
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