Coagulation-flocculation treatment for batik effluent as a baseline study for the upcoming application of green coagulants/flocculants towards sustainable batik industry
The batik industry has been one of the main family businesses in most of the east-coast region of the Malaysian peninsula for many years. However, appropriate water treatment is still a major challenge for this industry. Stringent laws introduced by the Malaysian authorities and the intention to pro...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023044924 |
| _version_ | 1797802158515552256 |
|---|---|
| author | Nurull Muna Daud Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah Hassimi Abu Hasan Ahmad Razi Othman Nur ‘Izzati Ismail |
| author_facet | Nurull Muna Daud Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah Hassimi Abu Hasan Ahmad Razi Othman Nur ‘Izzati Ismail |
| author_sort | Nurull Muna Daud |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The batik industry has been one of the main family businesses in most of the east-coast region of the Malaysian peninsula for many years. However, appropriate water treatment is still a major challenge for this industry. Stringent laws introduced by the Malaysian authorities and the intention to protect the environment are factors that drive researchers to search for suitable, appropriate, affordable and efficient treatment of batik wastewater. Treatment research on batik wastewater is still lacking and coagulation-flocculation treatment using alum was introduced and chosen as a stepping stone toward the selection of green coagulants. This study aimed to determine the best conditions for alum flocculation-coagulation using a standard jar test method. Four main factors were investigated: alum dosage (0.1–3.5 g/L), pH (4–11), settling time (0.5–24 h) and rapid mixing rate (100–300 rpm). Results obtained were further analysed statistically using SPSS software prior to determining the significant effect of variable changes. From this study, the best conditions for batik wastewater treatment using the flocculation-coagulation process were found to be at alum dosage of 1.5 g/L, pH 8, 4 h settling time and a rapid mixing rate of 100 rpm. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, colour and total suspended solids (TSS) were removed by 70.7, 92.2, 88.4 and 100%, respectively, under these conditions. This study showed that batik wastewater can be treated by the coagulation-flocculation process using chemical means of alum. This indicates the need for forthcoming developments in natural-based-coagulant-flocculants toward the sustainability of the batik industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:01:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c0567a0700543e68c0989b077895d86 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:01:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c0567a0700543e68c0989b077895d862023-06-17T05:19:35ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-06-0196e17284Coagulation-flocculation treatment for batik effluent as a baseline study for the upcoming application of green coagulants/flocculants towards sustainable batik industryNurull Muna Daud0Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah1Hassimi Abu Hasan2Ahmad Razi Othman3Nur ‘Izzati Ismail4Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author.Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.;The batik industry has been one of the main family businesses in most of the east-coast region of the Malaysian peninsula for many years. However, appropriate water treatment is still a major challenge for this industry. Stringent laws introduced by the Malaysian authorities and the intention to protect the environment are factors that drive researchers to search for suitable, appropriate, affordable and efficient treatment of batik wastewater. Treatment research on batik wastewater is still lacking and coagulation-flocculation treatment using alum was introduced and chosen as a stepping stone toward the selection of green coagulants. This study aimed to determine the best conditions for alum flocculation-coagulation using a standard jar test method. Four main factors were investigated: alum dosage (0.1–3.5 g/L), pH (4–11), settling time (0.5–24 h) and rapid mixing rate (100–300 rpm). Results obtained were further analysed statistically using SPSS software prior to determining the significant effect of variable changes. From this study, the best conditions for batik wastewater treatment using the flocculation-coagulation process were found to be at alum dosage of 1.5 g/L, pH 8, 4 h settling time and a rapid mixing rate of 100 rpm. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, colour and total suspended solids (TSS) were removed by 70.7, 92.2, 88.4 and 100%, respectively, under these conditions. This study showed that batik wastewater can be treated by the coagulation-flocculation process using chemical means of alum. This indicates the need for forthcoming developments in natural-based-coagulant-flocculants toward the sustainability of the batik industry.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023044924BatikTextile effluentDyeStatistical analysisSustainability development goals |
| spellingShingle | Nurull Muna Daud Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah Hassimi Abu Hasan Ahmad Razi Othman Nur ‘Izzati Ismail Coagulation-flocculation treatment for batik effluent as a baseline study for the upcoming application of green coagulants/flocculants towards sustainable batik industry Heliyon Batik Textile effluent Dye Statistical analysis Sustainability development goals |
| title | Coagulation-flocculation treatment for batik effluent as a baseline study for the upcoming application of green coagulants/flocculants towards sustainable batik industry |
| title_full | Coagulation-flocculation treatment for batik effluent as a baseline study for the upcoming application of green coagulants/flocculants towards sustainable batik industry |
| title_fullStr | Coagulation-flocculation treatment for batik effluent as a baseline study for the upcoming application of green coagulants/flocculants towards sustainable batik industry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coagulation-flocculation treatment for batik effluent as a baseline study for the upcoming application of green coagulants/flocculants towards sustainable batik industry |
| title_short | Coagulation-flocculation treatment for batik effluent as a baseline study for the upcoming application of green coagulants/flocculants towards sustainable batik industry |
| title_sort | coagulation flocculation treatment for batik effluent as a baseline study for the upcoming application of green coagulants flocculants towards sustainable batik industry |
| topic | Batik Textile effluent Dye Statistical analysis Sustainability development goals |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023044924 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nurullmunadaud coagulationflocculationtreatmentforbatikeffluentasabaselinestudyfortheupcomingapplicationofgreencoagulantsflocculantstowardssustainablebatikindustry AT sitirozaimahsheikhabdullah coagulationflocculationtreatmentforbatikeffluentasabaselinestudyfortheupcomingapplicationofgreencoagulantsflocculantstowardssustainablebatikindustry AT hassimiabuhasan coagulationflocculationtreatmentforbatikeffluentasabaselinestudyfortheupcomingapplicationofgreencoagulantsflocculantstowardssustainablebatikindustry AT ahmadraziothman coagulationflocculationtreatmentforbatikeffluentasabaselinestudyfortheupcomingapplicationofgreencoagulantsflocculantstowardssustainablebatikindustry AT nurizzatiismail coagulationflocculationtreatmentforbatikeffluentasabaselinestudyfortheupcomingapplicationofgreencoagulantsflocculantstowardssustainablebatikindustry |