Hepatitis B virus vaccination post serological testing and antibody levels of vaccinated health care workers in Accra, Ghana
Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is an important occupational hazard to Health Care Workers (HCWs) all over the world. International health organizations have strongly recommended the use of the HBV vaccine, especially among individuals at risk of HBV infection. A laboratory test aime...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-08-01
|
| Series: | Vaccine: X |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136223000359 |
| _version_ | 1827875655947124736 |
|---|---|
| author | Senoo-Dogbey Vivian Efua Deborah Armah Wuaku Delali Adwoa |
| author_facet | Senoo-Dogbey Vivian Efua Deborah Armah Wuaku Delali Adwoa |
| author_sort | Senoo-Dogbey Vivian Efua |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is an important occupational hazard to Health Care Workers (HCWs) all over the world. International health organizations have strongly recommended the use of the HBV vaccine, especially among individuals at risk of HBV infection. A laboratory test aimed at measuring Anti-HBs concentration (titer) 1–2 months following a 3-dose vaccination schedule is the most reliable approach for diagnosing seroprotection against HBV. This study sought to assess post-vaccination serological testing, seroprotection against HBV, and associated factors among vaccinated HCWs in Ghana. Methods: A hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study involving 207 HCWs. Pretested questionnaires were used to collect data. 5mls of venous blood were collected from consenting HCWs under strict aseptic conditions and quantitatively analyzed for Anti-HBs using ELISA procedures. SPSS Version 23 was used to analyze data with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Median age; 33, IQR of 29–39. The post-vaccination serological testing rate was 21.3 %. HCWs with high-risk perception and working at the regional hospital had lower odds of adherence to post-vaccination serological testing (aOR = 0.2; 95 % CI = 0.1–0.7) and (aOR = 0.1; 95 % CI = 0.1–0.6) p < 0.05. The seroprotection rate was 91.3 % (95 % CI = 87 %-95 %). Minority, 18 (8.7 %) of the 207 vaccinated HCWs had antibody titers below 10mIU/mL and were not seroprotected against HBV. Geometric Mean Titers (GMTs) were higher in those who received three doses, took a booster, and were less than 25 kg/m2. Conclusion: The post-vaccination serological testing practice was sub-optimal. The seroprotection rate was higher with higher GMTs in those who adhered to the 3-dose vaccination regimen, took a booster dose, and had BMI < 25 kg/m2. It may be inferred that those with Anti-HBs below 10 IU/ml had their antibodies diminishing or waning off with time or they are true vaccine non-responders. This observation calls for strict adherence to post-vaccination serological testing, especially for HCWs who are at high risk of percutaneous and mucocutaneous exposures that could result in HBV infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:11:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c13862e9f494bb4aaf142e1afcc27e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-1362 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:11:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccine: X |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c13862e9f494bb4aaf142e1afcc27e32023-08-06T04:38:07ZengElsevierVaccine: X2590-13622023-08-0114100294Hepatitis B virus vaccination post serological testing and antibody levels of vaccinated health care workers in Accra, GhanaSenoo-Dogbey Vivian Efua0Deborah Armah1Wuaku Delali Adwoa2Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Corresponding author.Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, GhanaDepartment of Nursing Research, Nursing, and Midwifery Training School, P. O Box KB 83 Korle-Bu, Accra, GhanaIntroduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is an important occupational hazard to Health Care Workers (HCWs) all over the world. International health organizations have strongly recommended the use of the HBV vaccine, especially among individuals at risk of HBV infection. A laboratory test aimed at measuring Anti-HBs concentration (titer) 1–2 months following a 3-dose vaccination schedule is the most reliable approach for diagnosing seroprotection against HBV. This study sought to assess post-vaccination serological testing, seroprotection against HBV, and associated factors among vaccinated HCWs in Ghana. Methods: A hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study involving 207 HCWs. Pretested questionnaires were used to collect data. 5mls of venous blood were collected from consenting HCWs under strict aseptic conditions and quantitatively analyzed for Anti-HBs using ELISA procedures. SPSS Version 23 was used to analyze data with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Median age; 33, IQR of 29–39. The post-vaccination serological testing rate was 21.3 %. HCWs with high-risk perception and working at the regional hospital had lower odds of adherence to post-vaccination serological testing (aOR = 0.2; 95 % CI = 0.1–0.7) and (aOR = 0.1; 95 % CI = 0.1–0.6) p < 0.05. The seroprotection rate was 91.3 % (95 % CI = 87 %-95 %). Minority, 18 (8.7 %) of the 207 vaccinated HCWs had antibody titers below 10mIU/mL and were not seroprotected against HBV. Geometric Mean Titers (GMTs) were higher in those who received three doses, took a booster, and were less than 25 kg/m2. Conclusion: The post-vaccination serological testing practice was sub-optimal. The seroprotection rate was higher with higher GMTs in those who adhered to the 3-dose vaccination regimen, took a booster dose, and had BMI < 25 kg/m2. It may be inferred that those with Anti-HBs below 10 IU/ml had their antibodies diminishing or waning off with time or they are true vaccine non-responders. This observation calls for strict adherence to post-vaccination serological testing, especially for HCWs who are at high risk of percutaneous and mucocutaneous exposures that could result in HBV infection.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136223000359AntibodiesHealth care workersHepatitis BSeroprotectionSerological testingVaccination |
| spellingShingle | Senoo-Dogbey Vivian Efua Deborah Armah Wuaku Delali Adwoa Hepatitis B virus vaccination post serological testing and antibody levels of vaccinated health care workers in Accra, Ghana Vaccine: X Antibodies Health care workers Hepatitis B Seroprotection Serological testing Vaccination |
| title | Hepatitis B virus vaccination post serological testing and antibody levels of vaccinated health care workers in Accra, Ghana |
| title_full | Hepatitis B virus vaccination post serological testing and antibody levels of vaccinated health care workers in Accra, Ghana |
| title_fullStr | Hepatitis B virus vaccination post serological testing and antibody levels of vaccinated health care workers in Accra, Ghana |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hepatitis B virus vaccination post serological testing and antibody levels of vaccinated health care workers in Accra, Ghana |
| title_short | Hepatitis B virus vaccination post serological testing and antibody levels of vaccinated health care workers in Accra, Ghana |
| title_sort | hepatitis b virus vaccination post serological testing and antibody levels of vaccinated health care workers in accra ghana |
| topic | Antibodies Health care workers Hepatitis B Seroprotection Serological testing Vaccination |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136223000359 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT senoodogbeyvivianefua hepatitisbvirusvaccinationpostserologicaltestingandantibodylevelsofvaccinatedhealthcareworkersinaccraghana AT deboraharmah hepatitisbvirusvaccinationpostserologicaltestingandantibodylevelsofvaccinatedhealthcareworkersinaccraghana AT wuakudelaliadwoa hepatitisbvirusvaccinationpostserologicaltestingandantibodylevelsofvaccinatedhealthcareworkersinaccraghana |