Monitoring of Particulate Fouling Potential of Feed Water with Spectroscopic Measurements
The modified fouling index (MFI) is a crucial characteristic for assessing the fouling potential of reverse osmosis (RO) feed water. Although the MFI is widely used, the estimation time required for filtration and data evaluation is still relatively long. In this study, the relationship between the...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/7/664 |
| _version_ | 1797588341954183168 |
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| author | Marc Weirich Sergiy Antonyuk |
| author_facet | Marc Weirich Sergiy Antonyuk |
| author_sort | Marc Weirich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The modified fouling index (MFI) is a crucial characteristic for assessing the fouling potential of reverse osmosis (RO) feed water. Although the MFI is widely used, the estimation time required for filtration and data evaluation is still relatively long. In this study, the relationship between the MFI and instantaneous spectroscopic extinction measurements was investigated. Since both measurements show a linear correlation with particle concentration, it was assumed that a change in the MFI can be detected by monitoring the optical density of the feed water. To prove this assumption, a test bench for a simultaneous measurement of the MFI and optical extinction was designed. Silica monospheres with sizes of 120 nm and 400 nm and mixtures of both fractions were added to purified tap water as model foulants. MFI filtration tests were performed with a standard 0.45 µm PES membrane, and a 0.1 µm PP membrane. Extinction measurements were carried out with a newly designed flow cell inside a UV–VIS spectrometer to get online information on the particle properties of the feed water, such as the particle concentration and mean particle size. The measurement results show that the extinction ratio of different light wavelengths, which should remain constant for a particulate system, independent of the number of particles, only persisted at higher particle concentrations. Nevertheless, a good correlation between extinction and MFI for different particle concentrations with restrictions towards the ratio of particle and pore size of the test membrane was found. These findings can be used for new sensory process monitoring systems, if the deficiencies can be overcome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:50:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c1ec36882a2445489b94223481f827f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:50:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c1ec36882a2445489b94223481f827f2023-11-18T20:26:35ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752023-07-0113766410.3390/membranes13070664Monitoring of Particulate Fouling Potential of Feed Water with Spectroscopic MeasurementsMarc Weirich0Sergiy Antonyuk1Institute of Particle Process Engineering, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße, 67653 Kaiserslautern, GermanyInstitute of Particle Process Engineering, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße, 67653 Kaiserslautern, GermanyThe modified fouling index (MFI) is a crucial characteristic for assessing the fouling potential of reverse osmosis (RO) feed water. Although the MFI is widely used, the estimation time required for filtration and data evaluation is still relatively long. In this study, the relationship between the MFI and instantaneous spectroscopic extinction measurements was investigated. Since both measurements show a linear correlation with particle concentration, it was assumed that a change in the MFI can be detected by monitoring the optical density of the feed water. To prove this assumption, a test bench for a simultaneous measurement of the MFI and optical extinction was designed. Silica monospheres with sizes of 120 nm and 400 nm and mixtures of both fractions were added to purified tap water as model foulants. MFI filtration tests were performed with a standard 0.45 µm PES membrane, and a 0.1 µm PP membrane. Extinction measurements were carried out with a newly designed flow cell inside a UV–VIS spectrometer to get online information on the particle properties of the feed water, such as the particle concentration and mean particle size. The measurement results show that the extinction ratio of different light wavelengths, which should remain constant for a particulate system, independent of the number of particles, only persisted at higher particle concentrations. Nevertheless, a good correlation between extinction and MFI for different particle concentrations with restrictions towards the ratio of particle and pore size of the test membrane was found. These findings can be used for new sensory process monitoring systems, if the deficiencies can be overcome.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/7/664particulate foulingUV–VIS spectroscopymodified fouling indexmonitoringoptical measurement |
| spellingShingle | Marc Weirich Sergiy Antonyuk Monitoring of Particulate Fouling Potential of Feed Water with Spectroscopic Measurements Membranes particulate fouling UV–VIS spectroscopy modified fouling index monitoring optical measurement |
| title | Monitoring of Particulate Fouling Potential of Feed Water with Spectroscopic Measurements |
| title_full | Monitoring of Particulate Fouling Potential of Feed Water with Spectroscopic Measurements |
| title_fullStr | Monitoring of Particulate Fouling Potential of Feed Water with Spectroscopic Measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring of Particulate Fouling Potential of Feed Water with Spectroscopic Measurements |
| title_short | Monitoring of Particulate Fouling Potential of Feed Water with Spectroscopic Measurements |
| title_sort | monitoring of particulate fouling potential of feed water with spectroscopic measurements |
| topic | particulate fouling UV–VIS spectroscopy modified fouling index monitoring optical measurement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/7/664 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marcweirich monitoringofparticulatefoulingpotentialoffeedwaterwithspectroscopicmeasurements AT sergiyantonyuk monitoringofparticulatefoulingpotentialoffeedwaterwithspectroscopicmeasurements |