Distinct regulatory functions and biological roles of lncRNA splice variants

Alternative splicing (AS) of RNA molecules is a key contributor to transcriptome diversity. In humans, 90%–95% of multi-exon genes produce alternatively spliced RNA transcripts. Therefore, every single gene has the opportunity of producing multiple splice variants, including long non-coding RNA (lnc...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Riaz Khan, Mariano Avino, Raymund J. Wellinger, Benoit Laurent
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2023-06-01
Series:Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S216225312300063X
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author Muhammad Riaz Khan
Mariano Avino
Raymund J. Wellinger
Benoit Laurent
author_facet Muhammad Riaz Khan
Mariano Avino
Raymund J. Wellinger
Benoit Laurent
author_sort Muhammad Riaz Khan
collection DOAJ
description Alternative splicing (AS) of RNA molecules is a key contributor to transcriptome diversity. In humans, 90%–95% of multi-exon genes produce alternatively spliced RNA transcripts. Therefore, every single gene has the opportunity of producing multiple splice variants, including long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes that undergo RNA maturation steps such as conventional and alternative splicing. Emerging evidence suggests significant roles for these lncRNA splice variants in many aspects of cell biology. Differential changes in expression of specific lncRNA splice variants have also been associated with many diseases including cancer. This review covers the current knowledge on this emerging topic of investigation. We provide exclusive insights on the AS landscape of lncRNAs and also describe at the molecular level the functional relevance of lncRNA splice variants, i.e., RNA-based differential functions, production of micropeptides, and generation of circular RNAs. Finally, we discuss exciting perspectives for this emerging field and outline the work required to further develop research endeavors in this field.
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spelling doaj.art-2c240e6eb91746d4bea9ca5bb39221742023-03-30T04:26:23ZengElsevierMolecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids2162-25312023-06-0132127143Distinct regulatory functions and biological roles of lncRNA splice variantsMuhammad Riaz Khan0Mariano Avino1Raymund J. Wellinger2Benoit Laurent3Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, CanadaBio-informatic Platform, Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, CanadaResearch Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, CanadaResearch Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Corresponding author: Benoit Laurent, Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.Alternative splicing (AS) of RNA molecules is a key contributor to transcriptome diversity. In humans, 90%–95% of multi-exon genes produce alternatively spliced RNA transcripts. Therefore, every single gene has the opportunity of producing multiple splice variants, including long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes that undergo RNA maturation steps such as conventional and alternative splicing. Emerging evidence suggests significant roles for these lncRNA splice variants in many aspects of cell biology. Differential changes in expression of specific lncRNA splice variants have also been associated with many diseases including cancer. This review covers the current knowledge on this emerging topic of investigation. We provide exclusive insights on the AS landscape of lncRNAs and also describe at the molecular level the functional relevance of lncRNA splice variants, i.e., RNA-based differential functions, production of micropeptides, and generation of circular RNAs. Finally, we discuss exciting perspectives for this emerging field and outline the work required to further develop research endeavors in this field.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S216225312300063XMT: Non-coding RNAsalternative splicinglong non-coding RNAsplice variantcircular RNAmicropeptide
spellingShingle Muhammad Riaz Khan
Mariano Avino
Raymund J. Wellinger
Benoit Laurent
Distinct regulatory functions and biological roles of lncRNA splice variants
Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids
MT: Non-coding RNAs
alternative splicing
long non-coding RNA
splice variant
circular RNA
micropeptide
title Distinct regulatory functions and biological roles of lncRNA splice variants
title_full Distinct regulatory functions and biological roles of lncRNA splice variants
title_fullStr Distinct regulatory functions and biological roles of lncRNA splice variants
title_full_unstemmed Distinct regulatory functions and biological roles of lncRNA splice variants
title_short Distinct regulatory functions and biological roles of lncRNA splice variants
title_sort distinct regulatory functions and biological roles of lncrna splice variants
topic MT: Non-coding RNAs
alternative splicing
long non-coding RNA
splice variant
circular RNA
micropeptide
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S216225312300063X
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AT marianoavino distinctregulatoryfunctionsandbiologicalrolesoflncrnasplicevariants
AT raymundjwellinger distinctregulatoryfunctionsandbiologicalrolesoflncrnasplicevariants
AT benoitlaurent distinctregulatoryfunctionsandbiologicalrolesoflncrnasplicevariants