<i>Anemarrhenae asphodeloides rhizoma</i> Extract Enriched in Mangiferin Protects PC12 Cells against a Neurotoxic Agent-3-Nitropropionic Acid
The rhizome of <i>Anemarrhena asphodeloides</i> Bunge, used in Traditional Chinese Medicine as a brain function-improving herb, is a promising source of neuroprotective substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective action of xanthones from <i>A. asphodeloides<...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/7/2510 |
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| author | Agnieszka Piwowar Nina Rembiałkowska Anna Rorbach-Dolata Arnold Garbiec Sylwester Ślusarczyk Agnieszka Dobosz Anna Długosz Zofia Marchewka Adam Matkowski Jolanta Saczko |
| author_facet | Agnieszka Piwowar Nina Rembiałkowska Anna Rorbach-Dolata Arnold Garbiec Sylwester Ślusarczyk Agnieszka Dobosz Anna Długosz Zofia Marchewka Adam Matkowski Jolanta Saczko |
| author_sort | Agnieszka Piwowar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rhizome of <i>Anemarrhena asphodeloides</i> Bunge, used in Traditional Chinese Medicine as a brain function-improving herb, is a promising source of neuroprotective substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective action of xanthones from <i>A. asphodeloides</i> rhizomes on the PC12 cell line exposed to the neurotoxic agent—3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). The xanthone-enriched fraction of the ethanolic extract of <i>A. asphodeloides</i> (abbreviated from now on as XF, for the Xanthone Fraction), rich in polyphenolic xanthone glycosides, in concentrations from 5 to 100 μg/mL, and 3-NP in concentrations from 2.5 to 15 mM, were examined. After 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure of cells to various combinations of 3-NP and XF, the MTT viability assay was performed and morphological changes were estimated by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The obtained results showed a significant increase in the number of cells surviving after treatment with XF with exposure to neurotoxic 3-NP and decreased morphological changes in PC12 cells in a dose and time dependent manner. The most effective protective action was observed when PC12 cells were pre-incubated with the XF. This effect may contribute to the traditional indications of this herb for neurological and cognitive complaints. However, a significant cytotoxicity observed at higher XF concentrations (over 10 µg/mL) and longer incubation time (48 h) requires caution in future research and thorough investigation into potential adverse effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:40:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c24e42de3cb4430b4274fae5efd61ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:40:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c24e42de3cb4430b4274fae5efd61ff2023-11-19T20:42:45ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-04-01217251010.3390/ijms21072510<i>Anemarrhenae asphodeloides rhizoma</i> Extract Enriched in Mangiferin Protects PC12 Cells against a Neurotoxic Agent-3-Nitropropionic AcidAgnieszka Piwowar0Nina Rembiałkowska1Anna Rorbach-Dolata2Arnold Garbiec3Sylwester Ślusarczyk4Agnieszka Dobosz5Anna Długosz6Zofia Marchewka7Adam Matkowski8Jolanta Saczko9Department of Toxicology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211 50556 Borowska, PolandDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A 50556 Borowska, PolandDepartment of Toxicology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211 50556 Borowska, PolandDepartment of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, ul. H. 21 50335 Sienkiewicza, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, 211 50556 Borowska, PolandDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 211 50556 Borowska, PolandDepartment of Toxicology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211 50556 Borowska, PolandDepartment of Toxicology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211 50556 Borowska, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, 211 50556 Borowska, PolandDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A 50556 Borowska, PolandThe rhizome of <i>Anemarrhena asphodeloides</i> Bunge, used in Traditional Chinese Medicine as a brain function-improving herb, is a promising source of neuroprotective substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective action of xanthones from <i>A. asphodeloides</i> rhizomes on the PC12 cell line exposed to the neurotoxic agent—3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). The xanthone-enriched fraction of the ethanolic extract of <i>A. asphodeloides</i> (abbreviated from now on as XF, for the Xanthone Fraction), rich in polyphenolic xanthone glycosides, in concentrations from 5 to 100 μg/mL, and 3-NP in concentrations from 2.5 to 15 mM, were examined. After 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure of cells to various combinations of 3-NP and XF, the MTT viability assay was performed and morphological changes were estimated by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The obtained results showed a significant increase in the number of cells surviving after treatment with XF with exposure to neurotoxic 3-NP and decreased morphological changes in PC12 cells in a dose and time dependent manner. The most effective protective action was observed when PC12 cells were pre-incubated with the XF. This effect may contribute to the traditional indications of this herb for neurological and cognitive complaints. However, a significant cytotoxicity observed at higher XF concentrations (over 10 µg/mL) and longer incubation time (48 h) requires caution in future research and thorough investigation into potential adverse effects.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/7/2510<i>Anemarrhena asphodeloides</i>mangiferin3-nitropropionic acidcytotoxicityPC12 cells |
| spellingShingle | Agnieszka Piwowar Nina Rembiałkowska Anna Rorbach-Dolata Arnold Garbiec Sylwester Ślusarczyk Agnieszka Dobosz Anna Długosz Zofia Marchewka Adam Matkowski Jolanta Saczko <i>Anemarrhenae asphodeloides rhizoma</i> Extract Enriched in Mangiferin Protects PC12 Cells against a Neurotoxic Agent-3-Nitropropionic Acid International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Anemarrhena asphodeloides</i> mangiferin 3-nitropropionic acid cytotoxicity PC12 cells |
| title | <i>Anemarrhenae asphodeloides rhizoma</i> Extract Enriched in Mangiferin Protects PC12 Cells against a Neurotoxic Agent-3-Nitropropionic Acid |
| title_full | <i>Anemarrhenae asphodeloides rhizoma</i> Extract Enriched in Mangiferin Protects PC12 Cells against a Neurotoxic Agent-3-Nitropropionic Acid |
| title_fullStr | <i>Anemarrhenae asphodeloides rhizoma</i> Extract Enriched in Mangiferin Protects PC12 Cells against a Neurotoxic Agent-3-Nitropropionic Acid |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Anemarrhenae asphodeloides rhizoma</i> Extract Enriched in Mangiferin Protects PC12 Cells against a Neurotoxic Agent-3-Nitropropionic Acid |
| title_short | <i>Anemarrhenae asphodeloides rhizoma</i> Extract Enriched in Mangiferin Protects PC12 Cells against a Neurotoxic Agent-3-Nitropropionic Acid |
| title_sort | i anemarrhenae asphodeloides rhizoma i extract enriched in mangiferin protects pc12 cells against a neurotoxic agent 3 nitropropionic acid |
| topic | <i>Anemarrhena asphodeloides</i> mangiferin 3-nitropropionic acid cytotoxicity PC12 cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/7/2510 |
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