Myopia Development in Tree Shrew Is Associated with Chronic Inflammatory Reactions
In this study, we aimed to investigate whether chronic retinal inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) using tree shrews as an animal model. Twenty-one tree shrews were randomly divided into 7-day/14-day FDM (FDM7/FDM14) groups and their corresponding 7-day/14-d...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/44/9/296 |
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| author | Hsiangyu Ku Jamie Jiin-Yi Chen Min Hu Peng-Tai Tien Hui-Ju Lin Gezhi Xu Lei Wan Dekang Gan |
| author_facet | Hsiangyu Ku Jamie Jiin-Yi Chen Min Hu Peng-Tai Tien Hui-Ju Lin Gezhi Xu Lei Wan Dekang Gan |
| author_sort | Hsiangyu Ku |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we aimed to investigate whether chronic retinal inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) using tree shrews as an animal model. Twenty-one tree shrews were randomly divided into 7-day/14-day FDM (FDM7/FDM14) groups and their corresponding 7-day/14-day control groups. Refraction and axial length were measured. To determine the effects of form deprivation on inflammation, we used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry to assess the expression levels of several proinflammatory cytokines. At day 0, the eyes in the FDM and control groups were hyperopic. However, after 7 and 14 days of form deprivation, the refractive error of the eyes in the FDM7 and FDM14 groups shifted from +6.6 ± 0.3 diopters (D) to +4.0 ± 0.5 D and from +6.4 ± 0.3 D to +5.0 ± 0.3 D, respectively. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and nuclear factor κB were increased in the FDM eyes, compared with those in the control eyes. The increase in matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression was greater in the FDM eyes than in the contralateral and control eyes, whereas collagen type I expression was downregulated. In conclusion, chronic inflammation may play a crucial pathogenic role in form-deprivation myopia in tree shrews. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:22:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-2c26cadd54cd482fb13ef219420af4782023-11-23T15:39:32ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452022-09-014494303431310.3390/cimb44090296Myopia Development in Tree Shrew Is Associated with Chronic Inflammatory ReactionsHsiangyu Ku0Jamie Jiin-Yi Chen1Min Hu2Peng-Tai Tien3Hui-Ju Lin4Gezhi Xu5Lei Wan6Dekang Gan7Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, ChinaEye Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404333, TaiwanDepartment of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, ChinaEye Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404333, TaiwanEye Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404333, TaiwanDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, ChinaSchool of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, TaiwanDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, ChinaIn this study, we aimed to investigate whether chronic retinal inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) using tree shrews as an animal model. Twenty-one tree shrews were randomly divided into 7-day/14-day FDM (FDM7/FDM14) groups and their corresponding 7-day/14-day control groups. Refraction and axial length were measured. To determine the effects of form deprivation on inflammation, we used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry to assess the expression levels of several proinflammatory cytokines. At day 0, the eyes in the FDM and control groups were hyperopic. However, after 7 and 14 days of form deprivation, the refractive error of the eyes in the FDM7 and FDM14 groups shifted from +6.6 ± 0.3 diopters (D) to +4.0 ± 0.5 D and from +6.4 ± 0.3 D to +5.0 ± 0.3 D, respectively. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and nuclear factor κB were increased in the FDM eyes, compared with those in the control eyes. The increase in matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression was greater in the FDM eyes than in the contralateral and control eyes, whereas collagen type I expression was downregulated. In conclusion, chronic inflammation may play a crucial pathogenic role in form-deprivation myopia in tree shrews.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/44/9/296myopiainflammationtree shrewform deprivation |
| spellingShingle | Hsiangyu Ku Jamie Jiin-Yi Chen Min Hu Peng-Tai Tien Hui-Ju Lin Gezhi Xu Lei Wan Dekang Gan Myopia Development in Tree Shrew Is Associated with Chronic Inflammatory Reactions Current Issues in Molecular Biology myopia inflammation tree shrew form deprivation |
| title | Myopia Development in Tree Shrew Is Associated with Chronic Inflammatory Reactions |
| title_full | Myopia Development in Tree Shrew Is Associated with Chronic Inflammatory Reactions |
| title_fullStr | Myopia Development in Tree Shrew Is Associated with Chronic Inflammatory Reactions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Myopia Development in Tree Shrew Is Associated with Chronic Inflammatory Reactions |
| title_short | Myopia Development in Tree Shrew Is Associated with Chronic Inflammatory Reactions |
| title_sort | myopia development in tree shrew is associated with chronic inflammatory reactions |
| topic | myopia inflammation tree shrew form deprivation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/44/9/296 |
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