<i>Planctomycetes</i> as a Vital Constituent of the Microbial Communities Inhabiting Different Layers of the Meromictic Lake Sælenvannet (Norway)
Meromictic lakes are permanently stratified lakes that display steep gradients in salinity, oxygen and sulphur compounds tightly linked to bacterial community structure and diversity. Lake Sælenvannet is a meromictic lake located south of Bergen, Norway. The 26 m deep lake is connected to the open s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-07-01
|
| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/8/1150 |
| _version_ | 1797560904158543872 |
|---|---|
| author | Julia E. Storesund Anders Lanzèn Eva-Lena Nordmann Hilde Rief Armo Olga Maria Lage Lise Øvreås |
| author_facet | Julia E. Storesund Anders Lanzèn Eva-Lena Nordmann Hilde Rief Armo Olga Maria Lage Lise Øvreås |
| author_sort | Julia E. Storesund |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Meromictic lakes are permanently stratified lakes that display steep gradients in salinity, oxygen and sulphur compounds tightly linked to bacterial community structure and diversity. Lake Sælenvannet is a meromictic lake located south of Bergen, Norway. The 26 m deep lake is connected to the open sea and permanently stratified into two layers separated by a chemocline. The upper water layer is brackish with major input from water runoff from the surroundings. The bottom layer consists of old saline water with low or no oxygen concentrations. Bacteria from phylum <i>Planctomycetes</i> are reported to be ubiquitous in lake environments. They are involved in the degradation of complex carbon sources in aquatic environments and are also linked to anaerobic processes such as fermentation and sulphur reduction. To study <i>Planctomycete</i> distribution along a chemical gradient, we sampled the water column throughout Lake Sælenvannet in 2012 and profiled the microbial community using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (metabarcoding) with 454 pyrosequencing. <i>Planctomycetes</i> related 16S rRNA gene sequences were found to be present both in the oxic and anoxic parts of the lake and showed an uneven distribution throughout the water column, with the highest relative abundance of 10% found in the saline anoxic layer at 15 m depth. In a follow-up study in 2014, samples from eight different depths were collected for enrichment and isolation of novel <i>Planctomycetes</i>. This study resulted in successful isolation in pure culture of 10 isolates affiliated to four different genera from the family Planctomycetaceae. One strain closely related to <i>Blastopirellula cremea</i> was isolated from 9 m depth, and two novel strains affiliated to the genera <i>Stieleria</i> and <i>Gimesia</i> were isolated at 7 and 9 m depths, respectively. Furthermore, seven isolates with identical 16S rRNA gene sequences were retrieved from seven different depths which varied greatly in salinity and chemical composition. These isolates likely represent a new species affiliated to <i>Rubinisphaera</i>. The adaptation of this novel <i>Planctomycete</i> to water depths spanning the entire chemical gradient could indicate a high phenotypic plasticity and/or a very efficient survival strategy. Overall, our results show the presence of a diverse group of <i>Planctomycetes</i> in Lake Sælenvannet, with a strong potential for novel adaptations to chemical stress factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:07:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c2cd15a2c2a4df6ba59740ceadc1b86 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:07:19Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c2cd15a2c2a4df6ba59740ceadc1b862023-11-20T08:24:00ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-07-0188115010.3390/microorganisms8081150<i>Planctomycetes</i> as a Vital Constituent of the Microbial Communities Inhabiting Different Layers of the Meromictic Lake Sælenvannet (Norway)Julia E. Storesund0Anders Lanzèn1Eva-Lena Nordmann2Hilde Rief Armo3Olga Maria Lage4Lise Øvreås5Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Bergen, NorwayAZTI, Marine Research Division, Pasaia, Spain and IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science, E-4813 Bilbao, SpainDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, NorwayMeromictic lakes are permanently stratified lakes that display steep gradients in salinity, oxygen and sulphur compounds tightly linked to bacterial community structure and diversity. Lake Sælenvannet is a meromictic lake located south of Bergen, Norway. The 26 m deep lake is connected to the open sea and permanently stratified into two layers separated by a chemocline. The upper water layer is brackish with major input from water runoff from the surroundings. The bottom layer consists of old saline water with low or no oxygen concentrations. Bacteria from phylum <i>Planctomycetes</i> are reported to be ubiquitous in lake environments. They are involved in the degradation of complex carbon sources in aquatic environments and are also linked to anaerobic processes such as fermentation and sulphur reduction. To study <i>Planctomycete</i> distribution along a chemical gradient, we sampled the water column throughout Lake Sælenvannet in 2012 and profiled the microbial community using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (metabarcoding) with 454 pyrosequencing. <i>Planctomycetes</i> related 16S rRNA gene sequences were found to be present both in the oxic and anoxic parts of the lake and showed an uneven distribution throughout the water column, with the highest relative abundance of 10% found in the saline anoxic layer at 15 m depth. In a follow-up study in 2014, samples from eight different depths were collected for enrichment and isolation of novel <i>Planctomycetes</i>. This study resulted in successful isolation in pure culture of 10 isolates affiliated to four different genera from the family Planctomycetaceae. One strain closely related to <i>Blastopirellula cremea</i> was isolated from 9 m depth, and two novel strains affiliated to the genera <i>Stieleria</i> and <i>Gimesia</i> were isolated at 7 and 9 m depths, respectively. Furthermore, seven isolates with identical 16S rRNA gene sequences were retrieved from seven different depths which varied greatly in salinity and chemical composition. These isolates likely represent a new species affiliated to <i>Rubinisphaera</i>. The adaptation of this novel <i>Planctomycete</i> to water depths spanning the entire chemical gradient could indicate a high phenotypic plasticity and/or a very efficient survival strategy. Overall, our results show the presence of a diverse group of <i>Planctomycetes</i> in Lake Sælenvannet, with a strong potential for novel adaptations to chemical stress factors.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/8/1150bacteriadiversitymeromictic lake<i>Planctomycetes</i>cultivation |
| spellingShingle | Julia E. Storesund Anders Lanzèn Eva-Lena Nordmann Hilde Rief Armo Olga Maria Lage Lise Øvreås <i>Planctomycetes</i> as a Vital Constituent of the Microbial Communities Inhabiting Different Layers of the Meromictic Lake Sælenvannet (Norway) Microorganisms bacteria diversity meromictic lake <i>Planctomycetes</i> cultivation |
| title | <i>Planctomycetes</i> as a Vital Constituent of the Microbial Communities Inhabiting Different Layers of the Meromictic Lake Sælenvannet (Norway) |
| title_full | <i>Planctomycetes</i> as a Vital Constituent of the Microbial Communities Inhabiting Different Layers of the Meromictic Lake Sælenvannet (Norway) |
| title_fullStr | <i>Planctomycetes</i> as a Vital Constituent of the Microbial Communities Inhabiting Different Layers of the Meromictic Lake Sælenvannet (Norway) |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Planctomycetes</i> as a Vital Constituent of the Microbial Communities Inhabiting Different Layers of the Meromictic Lake Sælenvannet (Norway) |
| title_short | <i>Planctomycetes</i> as a Vital Constituent of the Microbial Communities Inhabiting Different Layers of the Meromictic Lake Sælenvannet (Norway) |
| title_sort | i planctomycetes i as a vital constituent of the microbial communities inhabiting different layers of the meromictic lake saelenvannet norway |
| topic | bacteria diversity meromictic lake <i>Planctomycetes</i> cultivation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/8/1150 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT juliaestoresund iplanctomycetesiasavitalconstituentofthemicrobialcommunitiesinhabitingdifferentlayersofthemeromicticlakesælenvannetnorway AT anderslanzen iplanctomycetesiasavitalconstituentofthemicrobialcommunitiesinhabitingdifferentlayersofthemeromicticlakesælenvannetnorway AT evalenanordmann iplanctomycetesiasavitalconstituentofthemicrobialcommunitiesinhabitingdifferentlayersofthemeromicticlakesælenvannetnorway AT hilderiefarmo iplanctomycetesiasavitalconstituentofthemicrobialcommunitiesinhabitingdifferentlayersofthemeromicticlakesælenvannetnorway AT olgamarialage iplanctomycetesiasavitalconstituentofthemicrobialcommunitiesinhabitingdifferentlayersofthemeromicticlakesælenvannetnorway AT liseøvreas iplanctomycetesiasavitalconstituentofthemicrobialcommunitiesinhabitingdifferentlayersofthemeromicticlakesælenvannetnorway |