Electromagnetically Induced Absorption in the Near-Field of Microwave Radiative Elements With Application to Foliage Moisture Sensing
Electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) is a quantum phenomenon which occurs when detuned resonant laser fields interfere via atomic transition pathways. The transmission spectrum of a material experiencing EIA consists of an enhanced narrowband absorption line in between the two laser resonanc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2018-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8558557/ |
| _version_ | 1818644472419844096 |
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| author | Rashad Ramzan Muhammad Omar Omar F. Siddiqui Muhammad Amin Nabil Bastaki Taoufik Saleh Ksiksi |
| author_facet | Rashad Ramzan Muhammad Omar Omar F. Siddiqui Muhammad Amin Nabil Bastaki Taoufik Saleh Ksiksi |
| author_sort | Rashad Ramzan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) is a quantum phenomenon which occurs when detuned resonant laser fields interfere via atomic transition pathways. The transmission spectrum of a material experiencing EIA consists of an enhanced narrowband absorption line in between the two laser resonances. In this paper, we implement near-field interference of two microstrip radiators to produce a similar absorption mechanism. We propose a practical sensing application to detect foliage moisture by detecting the resonance shifts when sample leaves are made to perturb the near-field radiations. For the sensing, we exploit the anomalous phase signature that accompanies the EIA effect, instead of the amplitude signatures traditionally used in contemporary microwave sensors. The sensing using phase spectrum performs better than the amplitude-based sensing in harsh environments affected by noise and external interferences. Since the proposed EIA-based detector exploits multiple antenna interference in the near field, resonant sensing over distance is also possible. We demonstrate practical moisture detection using actual foliage samples with different moisture levels. We also develop a numerical dielectric model to estimate foliage moisture using full-wave electromagnetic simulations. We anticipate, from this paper, a way to produce low-cost and non-invasive microwave sensors that have reasonable sensitivity and which can be used in remote areas subjected to extreme weather environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T00:15:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c305c7accf24ed38e8f1f0c0b64606e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T00:15:24Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c305c7accf24ed38e8f1f0c0b64606e2022-12-21T22:10:43ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362018-01-016778597786810.1109/ACCESS.2018.28842248558557Electromagnetically Induced Absorption in the Near-Field of Microwave Radiative Elements With Application to Foliage Moisture SensingRashad Ramzan0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3692-565XMuhammad Omar1Omar F. Siddiqui2Muhammad Amin3Nabil Bastaki4Taoufik Saleh Ksiksi5Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (FAST-NUCES), Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAEDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAEDepartment of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAEElectromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) is a quantum phenomenon which occurs when detuned resonant laser fields interfere via atomic transition pathways. The transmission spectrum of a material experiencing EIA consists of an enhanced narrowband absorption line in between the two laser resonances. In this paper, we implement near-field interference of two microstrip radiators to produce a similar absorption mechanism. We propose a practical sensing application to detect foliage moisture by detecting the resonance shifts when sample leaves are made to perturb the near-field radiations. For the sensing, we exploit the anomalous phase signature that accompanies the EIA effect, instead of the amplitude signatures traditionally used in contemporary microwave sensors. The sensing using phase spectrum performs better than the amplitude-based sensing in harsh environments affected by noise and external interferences. Since the proposed EIA-based detector exploits multiple antenna interference in the near field, resonant sensing over distance is also possible. We demonstrate practical moisture detection using actual foliage samples with different moisture levels. We also develop a numerical dielectric model to estimate foliage moisture using full-wave electromagnetic simulations. We anticipate, from this paper, a way to produce low-cost and non-invasive microwave sensors that have reasonable sensitivity and which can be used in remote areas subjected to extreme weather environments.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8558557/Electromagnetically induced transparencyelectromagnetically induced absorptionanomalous dispersionLorentzian atomic modelmicrowave sensorsmoisture detection |
| spellingShingle | Rashad Ramzan Muhammad Omar Omar F. Siddiqui Muhammad Amin Nabil Bastaki Taoufik Saleh Ksiksi Electromagnetically Induced Absorption in the Near-Field of Microwave Radiative Elements With Application to Foliage Moisture Sensing IEEE Access Electromagnetically induced transparency electromagnetically induced absorption anomalous dispersion Lorentzian atomic model microwave sensors moisture detection |
| title | Electromagnetically Induced Absorption in the Near-Field of Microwave Radiative Elements With Application to Foliage Moisture Sensing |
| title_full | Electromagnetically Induced Absorption in the Near-Field of Microwave Radiative Elements With Application to Foliage Moisture Sensing |
| title_fullStr | Electromagnetically Induced Absorption in the Near-Field of Microwave Radiative Elements With Application to Foliage Moisture Sensing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electromagnetically Induced Absorption in the Near-Field of Microwave Radiative Elements With Application to Foliage Moisture Sensing |
| title_short | Electromagnetically Induced Absorption in the Near-Field of Microwave Radiative Elements With Application to Foliage Moisture Sensing |
| title_sort | electromagnetically induced absorption in the near field of microwave radiative elements with application to foliage moisture sensing |
| topic | Electromagnetically induced transparency electromagnetically induced absorption anomalous dispersion Lorentzian atomic model microwave sensors moisture detection |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8558557/ |
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