Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Carbon-Based Composite Derived from the Charge-Transfer Reaction Using Waste Tea Leaves as the Carbon Precursor for Enhanced Removing of Azocarmine G2, Methyl Violet 2B, Eosin B, and Toluidine Blue from Aqueous Solution
Ferric chloride salt (FeCl<sub>3</sub>) is a typical vacant <i>orbital</i> acceptor that accepts electrons from urea molecules. This donor-acceptor interaction yields a Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> oxide, which can be used for preparing novel adsorbent...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Crystals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/10/1355 |
| _version_ | 1827650797406519296 |
|---|---|
| author | Ghaferah H. Al-Hazmi Hosam A. Saad Moamen S. Refat Abdel Majid A. Adam |
| author_facet | Ghaferah H. Al-Hazmi Hosam A. Saad Moamen S. Refat Abdel Majid A. Adam |
| author_sort | Ghaferah H. Al-Hazmi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ferric chloride salt (FeCl<sub>3</sub>) is a typical vacant <i>orbital</i> acceptor that accepts electrons from urea molecules. This donor-acceptor interaction yields a Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> oxide, which can be used for preparing novel adsorbent material. Activated carbon (AC) materials, derived from biomass precursors and used for environmental remediation, have gained increasing attention owing to their sustainability, eco-friendly nature, ease of fabrication, and cost-effectiveness. Globally, a large amount of consumed tea leaf materials is discarded as solid waste. The present study aimed to reuse consumed tea leaves to generate biomass-derived-ACs and coupling AC with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> oxide to generate Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-carbon-based composite for environmental remediation. The synthesized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-carbon-based composite was examined to remove four common organic pollutant dye models from an aqueous solution. The effects of several parameters on the adsorption capacity of the synthesized composite were analyzed, and equilibrium data were examined. We found that the synthesized composite displayed promising adsorption activity against the investigated dyes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:25:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c3746f3fb0f4007988d541b1b9c3fc5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:25:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c3746f3fb0f4007988d541b1b9c3fc52023-11-23T23:37:05ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522022-09-011210135510.3390/cryst12101355Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Carbon-Based Composite Derived from the Charge-Transfer Reaction Using Waste Tea Leaves as the Carbon Precursor for Enhanced Removing of Azocarmine G2, Methyl Violet 2B, Eosin B, and Toluidine Blue from Aqueous SolutionGhaferah H. Al-Hazmi0Hosam A. Saad1Moamen S. Refat2Abdel Majid A. Adam3Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaFerric chloride salt (FeCl<sub>3</sub>) is a typical vacant <i>orbital</i> acceptor that accepts electrons from urea molecules. This donor-acceptor interaction yields a Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> oxide, which can be used for preparing novel adsorbent material. Activated carbon (AC) materials, derived from biomass precursors and used for environmental remediation, have gained increasing attention owing to their sustainability, eco-friendly nature, ease of fabrication, and cost-effectiveness. Globally, a large amount of consumed tea leaf materials is discarded as solid waste. The present study aimed to reuse consumed tea leaves to generate biomass-derived-ACs and coupling AC with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> oxide to generate Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-carbon-based composite for environmental remediation. The synthesized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-carbon-based composite was examined to remove four common organic pollutant dye models from an aqueous solution. The effects of several parameters on the adsorption capacity of the synthesized composite were analyzed, and equilibrium data were examined. We found that the synthesized composite displayed promising adsorption activity against the investigated dyes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/10/1355charge-transfer interactionvacant <i>orbital</i> acceptortea leaf wasteadsorption of dyes |
| spellingShingle | Ghaferah H. Al-Hazmi Hosam A. Saad Moamen S. Refat Abdel Majid A. Adam Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Carbon-Based Composite Derived from the Charge-Transfer Reaction Using Waste Tea Leaves as the Carbon Precursor for Enhanced Removing of Azocarmine G2, Methyl Violet 2B, Eosin B, and Toluidine Blue from Aqueous Solution Crystals charge-transfer interaction vacant <i>orbital</i> acceptor tea leaf waste adsorption of dyes |
| title | Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Carbon-Based Composite Derived from the Charge-Transfer Reaction Using Waste Tea Leaves as the Carbon Precursor for Enhanced Removing of Azocarmine G2, Methyl Violet 2B, Eosin B, and Toluidine Blue from Aqueous Solution |
| title_full | Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Carbon-Based Composite Derived from the Charge-Transfer Reaction Using Waste Tea Leaves as the Carbon Precursor for Enhanced Removing of Azocarmine G2, Methyl Violet 2B, Eosin B, and Toluidine Blue from Aqueous Solution |
| title_fullStr | Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Carbon-Based Composite Derived from the Charge-Transfer Reaction Using Waste Tea Leaves as the Carbon Precursor for Enhanced Removing of Azocarmine G2, Methyl Violet 2B, Eosin B, and Toluidine Blue from Aqueous Solution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Carbon-Based Composite Derived from the Charge-Transfer Reaction Using Waste Tea Leaves as the Carbon Precursor for Enhanced Removing of Azocarmine G2, Methyl Violet 2B, Eosin B, and Toluidine Blue from Aqueous Solution |
| title_short | Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Carbon-Based Composite Derived from the Charge-Transfer Reaction Using Waste Tea Leaves as the Carbon Precursor for Enhanced Removing of Azocarmine G2, Methyl Violet 2B, Eosin B, and Toluidine Blue from Aqueous Solution |
| title_sort | fe sub 3 sub o sub 4 sub carbon based composite derived from the charge transfer reaction using waste tea leaves as the carbon precursor for enhanced removing of azocarmine g2 methyl violet 2b eosin b and toluidine blue from aqueous solution |
| topic | charge-transfer interaction vacant <i>orbital</i> acceptor tea leaf waste adsorption of dyes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/10/1355 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ghaferahhalhazmi fesub3subosub4subcarbonbasedcompositederivedfromthechargetransferreactionusingwastetealeavesasthecarbonprecursorforenhancedremovingofazocarmineg2methylviolet2beosinbandtoluidinebluefromaqueoussolution AT hosamasaad fesub3subosub4subcarbonbasedcompositederivedfromthechargetransferreactionusingwastetealeavesasthecarbonprecursorforenhancedremovingofazocarmineg2methylviolet2beosinbandtoluidinebluefromaqueoussolution AT moamensrefat fesub3subosub4subcarbonbasedcompositederivedfromthechargetransferreactionusingwastetealeavesasthecarbonprecursorforenhancedremovingofazocarmineg2methylviolet2beosinbandtoluidinebluefromaqueoussolution AT abdelmajidaadam fesub3subosub4subcarbonbasedcompositederivedfromthechargetransferreactionusingwastetealeavesasthecarbonprecursorforenhancedremovingofazocarmineg2methylviolet2beosinbandtoluidinebluefromaqueoussolution |