Distinct roles of SOM and VIP interneurons during cortical Up states
During cortical network activity, recurrent synaptic excitation among pyramidal neurons is approximately balanced by synaptic inhibition, which is provided by a vast diversity of inhibitory interneurons. The relative contributions of different interneuron subtypes to inhibitory tone during cortical...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-07-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncir.2016.00052/full |
| _version_ | 1818877868452610048 |
|---|---|
| author | Garrett T. Neske Garrett T. Neske Barry W. Connors |
| author_facet | Garrett T. Neske Garrett T. Neske Barry W. Connors |
| author_sort | Garrett T. Neske |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During cortical network activity, recurrent synaptic excitation among pyramidal neurons is approximately balanced by synaptic inhibition, which is provided by a vast diversity of inhibitory interneurons. The relative contributions of different interneuron subtypes to inhibitory tone during cortical network activity is not well understood. We previously showed that many of the major interneuron subtypes in mouse barrel cortex are highly active during Up states (Neske et al., 2015); while fast-spiking (FS), parvalbumin (PV)-positive cells were the most active interneuron subtype, many non-fast-spiking (NFS), PV-negative interneurons were as active or more active than neighboring pyramidal cells. This suggests that the NFS cells could play a role in maintaining or modulating Up states. Here, using optogenetic techniques, we further dissected the functional roles during Up states of two major NFS, PV-negative interneuron subtypes: somatostatin (SOM)-positive cells and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-positive cells. We found that while pyramidal cell excitability during Up states significantly increased when SOM cells were optogenetically silenced, VIP cells did not influence pyramidal cell excitability either upon optogenetic silencing or activation. VIP cells failed to contribute to Up states despite their ability to inhibit SOM cells strongly. We suggest that the contribution of VIP cells to the excitability of pyramidal cells may vary with cortical state. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T14:05:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c375f2595c24173adf1343523ecef07 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T14:05:07Z |
| publishDate | 2016-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c375f2595c24173adf1343523ecef072022-12-21T20:18:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neural Circuits1662-51102016-07-011010.3389/fncir.2016.00052208185Distinct roles of SOM and VIP interneurons during cortical Up statesGarrett T. Neske0Garrett T. Neske1Barry W. Connors2Brown UniversityYale UniversityBrown UniversityDuring cortical network activity, recurrent synaptic excitation among pyramidal neurons is approximately balanced by synaptic inhibition, which is provided by a vast diversity of inhibitory interneurons. The relative contributions of different interneuron subtypes to inhibitory tone during cortical network activity is not well understood. We previously showed that many of the major interneuron subtypes in mouse barrel cortex are highly active during Up states (Neske et al., 2015); while fast-spiking (FS), parvalbumin (PV)-positive cells were the most active interneuron subtype, many non-fast-spiking (NFS), PV-negative interneurons were as active or more active than neighboring pyramidal cells. This suggests that the NFS cells could play a role in maintaining or modulating Up states. Here, using optogenetic techniques, we further dissected the functional roles during Up states of two major NFS, PV-negative interneuron subtypes: somatostatin (SOM)-positive cells and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-positive cells. We found that while pyramidal cell excitability during Up states significantly increased when SOM cells were optogenetically silenced, VIP cells did not influence pyramidal cell excitability either upon optogenetic silencing or activation. VIP cells failed to contribute to Up states despite their ability to inhibit SOM cells strongly. We suggest that the contribution of VIP cells to the excitability of pyramidal cells may vary with cortical state.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncir.2016.00052/fullSomatostatininterneuronVIPCortexUp state |
| spellingShingle | Garrett T. Neske Garrett T. Neske Barry W. Connors Distinct roles of SOM and VIP interneurons during cortical Up states Frontiers in Neural Circuits Somatostatin interneuron VIP Cortex Up state |
| title | Distinct roles of SOM and VIP interneurons during cortical Up states |
| title_full | Distinct roles of SOM and VIP interneurons during cortical Up states |
| title_fullStr | Distinct roles of SOM and VIP interneurons during cortical Up states |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distinct roles of SOM and VIP interneurons during cortical Up states |
| title_short | Distinct roles of SOM and VIP interneurons during cortical Up states |
| title_sort | distinct roles of som and vip interneurons during cortical up states |
| topic | Somatostatin interneuron VIP Cortex Up state |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncir.2016.00052/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT garretttneske distinctrolesofsomandvipinterneuronsduringcorticalupstates AT garretttneske distinctrolesofsomandvipinterneuronsduringcorticalupstates AT barrywconnors distinctrolesofsomandvipinterneuronsduringcorticalupstates |