Energy Saving and CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Potential from Partial Bus Routes Reduction Model in Bangkok Urban Fringe
Bus networks in many capital cities are long distances and partially overlapping with each other. As a result, waiting time is high and energy consumption efficiency is poor. Bus operators in many countries tried to reform their bus routes to reduce waiting time and fuel costs by reducing overlappin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/22/5963 |
| _version_ | 1797547747421716480 |
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| author | Chinnawat Hoonsiri Vasin Kiattikomol Siriluk Chiarakorn |
| author_facet | Chinnawat Hoonsiri Vasin Kiattikomol Siriluk Chiarakorn |
| author_sort | Chinnawat Hoonsiri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bus networks in many capital cities are long distances and partially overlapping with each other. As a result, waiting time is high and energy consumption efficiency is poor. Bus operators in many countries tried to reform their bus routes to reduce waiting time and fuel costs by reducing overlapping bus routes. However, most of the reformed bus routes were complicated, which caused discomfort to passengers to use the bus service. To overcome this problem, this study proposed a new bus reformed model called the Partial Bus Routes Reduction in Urban Fringe Model (PBRU) which was a simple and passenger-friendly route operation. It resulted in 14% of total inbound and 16% of total outbound passengers receiving the benefit of waiting time reduction. Most passengers wait twice at the resident bus-stop and transfer point. As a result, the overall waiting time increased by 0.72–3.75 min. The reduction of fuel consumption was consistent with increasing load factors and dependent on the time period. The bus reform operations during the off-peak hours had more benefits in terms of waiting time reduction, energy-saving potential, and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction than during the rush hours. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:49:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c3b3de3b4d6481480698cc310749a95 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:49:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c3b3de3b4d6481480698cc310749a952023-11-20T21:05:03ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-11-011322596310.3390/en13225963Energy Saving and CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Potential from Partial Bus Routes Reduction Model in Bangkok Urban FringeChinnawat Hoonsiri0Vasin Kiattikomol1Siriluk Chiarakorn2Division of Energy Management Technology, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, ThailandDivision of Transportation Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, ThailandEnvironmental Technology Program, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, ThailandBus networks in many capital cities are long distances and partially overlapping with each other. As a result, waiting time is high and energy consumption efficiency is poor. Bus operators in many countries tried to reform their bus routes to reduce waiting time and fuel costs by reducing overlapping bus routes. However, most of the reformed bus routes were complicated, which caused discomfort to passengers to use the bus service. To overcome this problem, this study proposed a new bus reformed model called the Partial Bus Routes Reduction in Urban Fringe Model (PBRU) which was a simple and passenger-friendly route operation. It resulted in 14% of total inbound and 16% of total outbound passengers receiving the benefit of waiting time reduction. Most passengers wait twice at the resident bus-stop and transfer point. As a result, the overall waiting time increased by 0.72–3.75 min. The reduction of fuel consumption was consistent with increasing load factors and dependent on the time period. The bus reform operations during the off-peak hours had more benefits in terms of waiting time reduction, energy-saving potential, and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction than during the rush hours.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/22/5963bus line overlapping reductionload factorBangkokbus reformthe Partial Bus Routes Reduction in Urban Fringe Model (PBRU) |
| spellingShingle | Chinnawat Hoonsiri Vasin Kiattikomol Siriluk Chiarakorn Energy Saving and CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Potential from Partial Bus Routes Reduction Model in Bangkok Urban Fringe Energies bus line overlapping reduction load factor Bangkok bus reform the Partial Bus Routes Reduction in Urban Fringe Model (PBRU) |
| title | Energy Saving and CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Potential from Partial Bus Routes Reduction Model in Bangkok Urban Fringe |
| title_full | Energy Saving and CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Potential from Partial Bus Routes Reduction Model in Bangkok Urban Fringe |
| title_fullStr | Energy Saving and CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Potential from Partial Bus Routes Reduction Model in Bangkok Urban Fringe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy Saving and CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Potential from Partial Bus Routes Reduction Model in Bangkok Urban Fringe |
| title_short | Energy Saving and CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Potential from Partial Bus Routes Reduction Model in Bangkok Urban Fringe |
| title_sort | energy saving and co sub 2 sub reduction potential from partial bus routes reduction model in bangkok urban fringe |
| topic | bus line overlapping reduction load factor Bangkok bus reform the Partial Bus Routes Reduction in Urban Fringe Model (PBRU) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/22/5963 |
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