The Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Encoding Gene, BcKMO, Is Involved in the Growth, Development, and Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea
A pathogenic mutant, BCG183, was obtained by screening the T-DNA insertion library of Botrytis cinerea. A novel pathogenicity-related gene BcKMO, which encodes kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), was isolated and identified via thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR, bioinformatics analyses, and KMO activi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01039/full |
| _version_ | 1819157034831970304 |
|---|---|
| author | Kang Zhang Kang Zhang Xuemei Yuan Xuemei Yuan Jinping Zang Jinping Zang Min Wang Min Wang Fuxin Zhao Fuxin Zhao Peifen Li Peifen Li Hongzhe Cao Hongzhe Cao Jianmin Han Jianmin Han Jihong Xing Jihong Xing Jingao Dong Jingao Dong |
| author_facet | Kang Zhang Kang Zhang Xuemei Yuan Xuemei Yuan Jinping Zang Jinping Zang Min Wang Min Wang Fuxin Zhao Fuxin Zhao Peifen Li Peifen Li Hongzhe Cao Hongzhe Cao Jianmin Han Jianmin Han Jihong Xing Jihong Xing Jingao Dong Jingao Dong |
| author_sort | Kang Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A pathogenic mutant, BCG183, was obtained by screening the T-DNA insertion library of Botrytis cinerea. A novel pathogenicity-related gene BcKMO, which encodes kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), was isolated and identified via thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR, bioinformatics analyses, and KMO activity measurement. The mutant BCG183 grew slowly, did not produce conidia and sclerotia, had slender hyphae, and presented enhanced pathogenicity. The phenotype and pathogenicity of the BcKMO-complementing mutant (BCG183/BcKMO) were similar to those of the wild-type (WT) strain. The activities of polymethylgalacturonase, polygalacturonase, and toxins were significantly higher, whereas acid production was significantly decreased in the mutant BCG183, when compared with those in the WT and BCG183/BcKMO. Moreover, the sensitivity of mutant BCG183 to NaCl and KCl was remarkably increased, whereas that to fluconazole, Congo Red, menadione, H2O2, and SQ22536 and U0126 [cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways inhibitors, respectively] were significantly decreased compared with the other strains. Furthermore, the key genes involved in the cAMP and MAPK signaling pathways, Pka1, Pka2, PkaR, Bcg2, Bcg3, bmp1, and bmp3, were significantly upregulated or downregulated in the mutant BCG183. BcKMO expression levels were also upregulated or downregulated in the RNAi mutants of the key genes involved in the cAMP and MAPK signaling pathways. These findings indicated that BcKMO positively regulates growth and development, but negatively regulates pathogenicity of B. cinerea. Furthermore, BcKMO was found to be involved in controlling cell wall degrading enzymes activity, toxins activity, acid production, and cell wall integrity, and participate in cAMP and MAPK signaling pathways of B. cinerea. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T16:02:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c3f1cf47c5149ac8c3def99696a2e6e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T16:02:21Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c3f1cf47c5149ac8c3def99696a2e6e2022-12-21T18:20:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2018-05-01910.3389/fmicb.2018.01039361386The Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Encoding Gene, BcKMO, Is Involved in the Growth, Development, and Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinereaKang Zhang0Kang Zhang1Xuemei Yuan2Xuemei Yuan3Jinping Zang4Jinping Zang5Min Wang6Min Wang7Fuxin Zhao8Fuxin Zhao9Peifen Li10Peifen Li11Hongzhe Cao12Hongzhe Cao13Jianmin Han14Jianmin Han15Jihong Xing16Jihong Xing17Jingao Dong18Jingao Dong19Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaMycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaMycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaMycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaMycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaMycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaMycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaMycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaMycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaMycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaMycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaA pathogenic mutant, BCG183, was obtained by screening the T-DNA insertion library of Botrytis cinerea. A novel pathogenicity-related gene BcKMO, which encodes kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), was isolated and identified via thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR, bioinformatics analyses, and KMO activity measurement. The mutant BCG183 grew slowly, did not produce conidia and sclerotia, had slender hyphae, and presented enhanced pathogenicity. The phenotype and pathogenicity of the BcKMO-complementing mutant (BCG183/BcKMO) were similar to those of the wild-type (WT) strain. The activities of polymethylgalacturonase, polygalacturonase, and toxins were significantly higher, whereas acid production was significantly decreased in the mutant BCG183, when compared with those in the WT and BCG183/BcKMO. Moreover, the sensitivity of mutant BCG183 to NaCl and KCl was remarkably increased, whereas that to fluconazole, Congo Red, menadione, H2O2, and SQ22536 and U0126 [cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways inhibitors, respectively] were significantly decreased compared with the other strains. Furthermore, the key genes involved in the cAMP and MAPK signaling pathways, Pka1, Pka2, PkaR, Bcg2, Bcg3, bmp1, and bmp3, were significantly upregulated or downregulated in the mutant BCG183. BcKMO expression levels were also upregulated or downregulated in the RNAi mutants of the key genes involved in the cAMP and MAPK signaling pathways. These findings indicated that BcKMO positively regulates growth and development, but negatively regulates pathogenicity of B. cinerea. Furthermore, BcKMO was found to be involved in controlling cell wall degrading enzymes activity, toxins activity, acid production, and cell wall integrity, and participate in cAMP and MAPK signaling pathways of B. cinerea.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01039/fullBotrytis cinereaBcKMOkynurenine 3-monooxygenasegrowthdevelopmentpathogenicity |
| spellingShingle | Kang Zhang Kang Zhang Xuemei Yuan Xuemei Yuan Jinping Zang Jinping Zang Min Wang Min Wang Fuxin Zhao Fuxin Zhao Peifen Li Peifen Li Hongzhe Cao Hongzhe Cao Jianmin Han Jianmin Han Jihong Xing Jihong Xing Jingao Dong Jingao Dong The Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Encoding Gene, BcKMO, Is Involved in the Growth, Development, and Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea Frontiers in Microbiology Botrytis cinerea BcKMO kynurenine 3-monooxygenase growth development pathogenicity |
| title | The Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Encoding Gene, BcKMO, Is Involved in the Growth, Development, and Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea |
| title_full | The Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Encoding Gene, BcKMO, Is Involved in the Growth, Development, and Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea |
| title_fullStr | The Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Encoding Gene, BcKMO, Is Involved in the Growth, Development, and Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Encoding Gene, BcKMO, Is Involved in the Growth, Development, and Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea |
| title_short | The Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Encoding Gene, BcKMO, Is Involved in the Growth, Development, and Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea |
| title_sort | kynurenine 3 monooxygenase encoding gene bckmo is involved in the growth development and pathogenicity of botrytis cinerea |
| topic | Botrytis cinerea BcKMO kynurenine 3-monooxygenase growth development pathogenicity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01039/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kangzhang thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT kangzhang thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT xuemeiyuan thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT xuemeiyuan thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jinpingzang thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jinpingzang thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT minwang thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT minwang thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT fuxinzhao thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT fuxinzhao thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT peifenli thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT peifenli thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT hongzhecao thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT hongzhecao thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jianminhan thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jianminhan thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jihongxing thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jihongxing thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jingaodong thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jingaodong thekynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT kangzhang kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT kangzhang kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT xuemeiyuan kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT xuemeiyuan kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jinpingzang kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jinpingzang kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT minwang kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT minwang kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT fuxinzhao kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT fuxinzhao kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT peifenli kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT peifenli kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT hongzhecao kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT hongzhecao kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jianminhan kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jianminhan kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jihongxing kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jihongxing kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jingaodong kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea AT jingaodong kynurenine3monooxygenaseencodinggenebckmoisinvolvedinthegrowthdevelopmentandpathogenicityofbotrytiscinerea |