The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution
Abstract Humans have a larger energy budget than great apes, allowing the combination of the metabolically expensive traits that define our life history. This budget is ultimately related to the cardiac output, the product of the blood pumped from the ventricle and the number of heart beats per minu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33675-1 |
| _version_ | 1797836467999866880 |
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| author | Luis Ríos Meg M. Sleeper Marietta D. Danforth Hayley Weston Murphy Ilana Kutinsky Antonio Rosas Markus Bastir José Gómez-Cambronero Ricardo Sanjurjo Laurence Campens Oliver Rider Francisco Pastor |
| author_facet | Luis Ríos Meg M. Sleeper Marietta D. Danforth Hayley Weston Murphy Ilana Kutinsky Antonio Rosas Markus Bastir José Gómez-Cambronero Ricardo Sanjurjo Laurence Campens Oliver Rider Francisco Pastor |
| author_sort | Luis Ríos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Humans have a larger energy budget than great apes, allowing the combination of the metabolically expensive traits that define our life history. This budget is ultimately related to the cardiac output, the product of the blood pumped from the ventricle and the number of heart beats per minute, a measure of the blood available for the whole organism physiological activity. To show the relationship between cardiac output and energy expenditure in hominid evolution, we study a surrogate measure of cardiac output, the aortic root diameter, in humans and great apes. When compared to gorillas and chimpanzees, humans present an increased body mass adjusted aortic root diameter. We also use data from the literature to show that over the human lifespan, cardiac output and total energy expenditure follow almost identical trajectories, with a marked increase during the period of brain growth, and a plateau during most of the adult life. The limited variation of adjusted cardiac output with sex, age and physical activity supports the compensation model of energy expenditure in humans. Finally, we present a first study of cardiac output in the skeleton through the study of the aortic impression in the vertebral bodies of the spine. It is absent in great apes, and present in humans and Neanderthals, large-brained hominins with an extended life cycle. An increased adjusted cardiac output, underlying higher total energy expenditure, would have been a key process in human evolution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:10:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c416394f9364822b3e8a779a4c923bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:10:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c416394f9364822b3e8a779a4c923bf2023-04-30T11:14:08ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-04-0113111310.1038/s41598-023-33675-1The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolutionLuis Ríos0Meg M. Sleeper1Marietta D. Danforth2Hayley Weston Murphy3Ilana Kutinsky4Antonio Rosas5Markus Bastir6José Gómez-Cambronero7Ricardo Sanjurjo8Laurence Campens9Oliver Rider10Francisco Pastor11Unit of Physical Anthropology, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Complutense de MadridDepartment of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of FloridaGreat Ape Heart Project, Detroit Zoological SocietyGreat Ape Heart Project, Detroit Zoological SocietyOakland University William Beaumont School of MedicinePaleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC)Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC)Unit of Physical Anthropology, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Complutense de MadridUnit of Physical Anthropology, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Complutense de MadridCardiology Department, Ghent University HospitalUniversity of Oxford Centre for Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalDepartment of Anatomy and Radiology, University of ValladolidAbstract Humans have a larger energy budget than great apes, allowing the combination of the metabolically expensive traits that define our life history. This budget is ultimately related to the cardiac output, the product of the blood pumped from the ventricle and the number of heart beats per minute, a measure of the blood available for the whole organism physiological activity. To show the relationship between cardiac output and energy expenditure in hominid evolution, we study a surrogate measure of cardiac output, the aortic root diameter, in humans and great apes. When compared to gorillas and chimpanzees, humans present an increased body mass adjusted aortic root diameter. We also use data from the literature to show that over the human lifespan, cardiac output and total energy expenditure follow almost identical trajectories, with a marked increase during the period of brain growth, and a plateau during most of the adult life. The limited variation of adjusted cardiac output with sex, age and physical activity supports the compensation model of energy expenditure in humans. Finally, we present a first study of cardiac output in the skeleton through the study of the aortic impression in the vertebral bodies of the spine. It is absent in great apes, and present in humans and Neanderthals, large-brained hominins with an extended life cycle. An increased adjusted cardiac output, underlying higher total energy expenditure, would have been a key process in human evolution.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33675-1 |
| spellingShingle | Luis Ríos Meg M. Sleeper Marietta D. Danforth Hayley Weston Murphy Ilana Kutinsky Antonio Rosas Markus Bastir José Gómez-Cambronero Ricardo Sanjurjo Laurence Campens Oliver Rider Francisco Pastor The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution Scientific Reports |
| title | The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution |
| title_full | The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution |
| title_fullStr | The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution |
| title_full_unstemmed | The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution |
| title_short | The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution |
| title_sort | aorta in humans and african great apes and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33675-1 |
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