Passive Vector Sensing for Non-Cooperative Emitter Localization in Indoor Environments
Indoor emitter localization is a topic of continued interest for improving wireless security as wireless technologies continue to become more advanced. Conventional methods have focused on the localization of devices relative to multi-sensor systems owing to ease of implementation with pre-existing...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/7/12/442 |
| _version_ | 1811185013576695808 |
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| author | Donald L. Hall Ram M. Narayanan Erik H. Lenzing David M. Jenkins |
| author_facet | Donald L. Hall Ram M. Narayanan Erik H. Lenzing David M. Jenkins |
| author_sort | Donald L. Hall |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Indoor emitter localization is a topic of continued interest for improving wireless security as wireless technologies continue to become more advanced. Conventional methods have focused on the localization of devices relative to multi-sensor systems owing to ease of implementation with pre-existing infrastructures. This work, however, focuses on enhancing wireless security via non-cooperative emitter localization in scenarios where only a single receiver can be employed. A vector sensor is simulated and experimentally developed that extracts three-dimensional signal characteristics for room-based emitter localization and is compared to conventional methodologies such as Received Signal Strength (RSS), Time of Arrival (ToA), and Direction of Arrival (DoA). The proposed method generates time-frequency fingerprints and extracts features through dimensionality reduction. A second stage extracts spatial parameters consisting of Channel State Information (CSI) and DoAs that are analyzed using a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to segregate fine-grained regions of interest within each room where the non-cooperative emitter resides. Blind channel equalization cascaded with a least squares channel estimate is used for acquiring the CSI, whereas the DoAs are obtained by unique trigonometric properties of the vector sensing antenna. The results demonstrate that a vector sensor can improve non-cooperative emitter localization and enhance wireless security in indoor environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:22:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c4259af8f3b412ea5a2bc2e6b07aa99 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:22:09Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c4259af8f3b412ea5a2bc2e6b07aa992022-12-22T04:22:10ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922018-12-0171244210.3390/electronics7120442electronics7120442Passive Vector Sensing for Non-Cooperative Emitter Localization in Indoor EnvironmentsDonald L. Hall0Ram M. Narayanan1Erik H. Lenzing2David M. Jenkins3Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USADepartment of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USAApplied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USAApplied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USAIndoor emitter localization is a topic of continued interest for improving wireless security as wireless technologies continue to become more advanced. Conventional methods have focused on the localization of devices relative to multi-sensor systems owing to ease of implementation with pre-existing infrastructures. This work, however, focuses on enhancing wireless security via non-cooperative emitter localization in scenarios where only a single receiver can be employed. A vector sensor is simulated and experimentally developed that extracts three-dimensional signal characteristics for room-based emitter localization and is compared to conventional methodologies such as Received Signal Strength (RSS), Time of Arrival (ToA), and Direction of Arrival (DoA). The proposed method generates time-frequency fingerprints and extracts features through dimensionality reduction. A second stage extracts spatial parameters consisting of Channel State Information (CSI) and DoAs that are analyzed using a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to segregate fine-grained regions of interest within each room where the non-cooperative emitter resides. Blind channel equalization cascaded with a least squares channel estimate is used for acquiring the CSI, whereas the DoAs are obtained by unique trigonometric properties of the vector sensing antenna. The results demonstrate that a vector sensor can improve non-cooperative emitter localization and enhance wireless security in indoor environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/7/12/442blind channel equalizationchannel estimationdirection of arrivalemitter localizationindoor environmentmachine learningsignal processingvector sensingwireless communications |
| spellingShingle | Donald L. Hall Ram M. Narayanan Erik H. Lenzing David M. Jenkins Passive Vector Sensing for Non-Cooperative Emitter Localization in Indoor Environments Electronics blind channel equalization channel estimation direction of arrival emitter localization indoor environment machine learning signal processing vector sensing wireless communications |
| title | Passive Vector Sensing for Non-Cooperative Emitter Localization in Indoor Environments |
| title_full | Passive Vector Sensing for Non-Cooperative Emitter Localization in Indoor Environments |
| title_fullStr | Passive Vector Sensing for Non-Cooperative Emitter Localization in Indoor Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Passive Vector Sensing for Non-Cooperative Emitter Localization in Indoor Environments |
| title_short | Passive Vector Sensing for Non-Cooperative Emitter Localization in Indoor Environments |
| title_sort | passive vector sensing for non cooperative emitter localization in indoor environments |
| topic | blind channel equalization channel estimation direction of arrival emitter localization indoor environment machine learning signal processing vector sensing wireless communications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/7/12/442 |
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