Defense Priming and Jasmonates: A Role for Free Fatty Acids in Insect Elicitor-Induced Long Distance Signaling
Green leaf volatiles (GLV) prime plants against insect herbivore attack resulting in stronger and faster signaling by jasmonic acid (JA). In maize this response is specifically linked to insect elicitor (IE)-induced signaling processes, which cause JA accumulation not only around the damage site, bu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/5/1/5 |
| _version_ | 1818997364028866560 |
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| author | Ting Li Tristan Cofer Marie Engelberth Jurgen Engelberth |
| author_facet | Ting Li Tristan Cofer Marie Engelberth Jurgen Engelberth |
| author_sort | Ting Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Green leaf volatiles (GLV) prime plants against insect herbivore attack resulting in stronger and faster signaling by jasmonic acid (JA). In maize this response is specifically linked to insect elicitor (IE)-induced signaling processes, which cause JA accumulation not only around the damage site, but also in distant tissues, presumably through the activation of electrical signals. Here, we present additional data further characterizing these distal signaling events in maize. Also, we describe how exposure to GLV increases free fatty acid (fFA) levels in maize seedlings, but also in other plants, and how increased fFA levels affect IE-induced JA accumulation. Increased fFA, in particular α-linolenic acid (LnA), caused a significant increase in JA accumulation after IE treatment, while JA induced by mechanical wounding (MW) alone was not affected. We also identified treatments that significantly decreased certain fFA level including simulated wind and rain. In such treated plants, IE-induced JA accumulation was significantly reduced when compared to un-moved control plants, while MW-induced JA accumulation was not significantly affected. Since only IE-induced JA accumulation was altered by changes in the fFA composition, we conclude that changing levels of fFA affect primarily IE-induced signaling processes rather than serving as a substrate for JA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T21:44:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c4a0e1c4ba145ffb9bea2212e325928 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T21:44:27Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c4a0e1c4ba145ffb9bea2212e3259282022-12-21T19:25:42ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472016-01-0151510.3390/plants5010005plants5010005Defense Priming and Jasmonates: A Role for Free Fatty Acids in Insect Elicitor-Induced Long Distance SignalingTing Li0Tristan Cofer1Marie Engelberth2Jurgen Engelberth3Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USAEnvironmental Science Academic Program, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USADepartment of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USADepartment of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USAGreen leaf volatiles (GLV) prime plants against insect herbivore attack resulting in stronger and faster signaling by jasmonic acid (JA). In maize this response is specifically linked to insect elicitor (IE)-induced signaling processes, which cause JA accumulation not only around the damage site, but also in distant tissues, presumably through the activation of electrical signals. Here, we present additional data further characterizing these distal signaling events in maize. Also, we describe how exposure to GLV increases free fatty acid (fFA) levels in maize seedlings, but also in other plants, and how increased fFA levels affect IE-induced JA accumulation. Increased fFA, in particular α-linolenic acid (LnA), caused a significant increase in JA accumulation after IE treatment, while JA induced by mechanical wounding (MW) alone was not affected. We also identified treatments that significantly decreased certain fFA level including simulated wind and rain. In such treated plants, IE-induced JA accumulation was significantly reduced when compared to un-moved control plants, while MW-induced JA accumulation was not significantly affected. Since only IE-induced JA accumulation was altered by changes in the fFA composition, we conclude that changing levels of fFA affect primarily IE-induced signaling processes rather than serving as a substrate for JA.http://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/5/1/5jasmonic acidgreen leaf volatilesfree fatty acidslinolenic acidpalmitoleic acidplant volatilessignalinginsect elicitor |
| spellingShingle | Ting Li Tristan Cofer Marie Engelberth Jurgen Engelberth Defense Priming and Jasmonates: A Role for Free Fatty Acids in Insect Elicitor-Induced Long Distance Signaling Plants jasmonic acid green leaf volatiles free fatty acids linolenic acid palmitoleic acid plant volatiles signaling insect elicitor |
| title | Defense Priming and Jasmonates: A Role for Free Fatty Acids in Insect Elicitor-Induced Long Distance Signaling |
| title_full | Defense Priming and Jasmonates: A Role for Free Fatty Acids in Insect Elicitor-Induced Long Distance Signaling |
| title_fullStr | Defense Priming and Jasmonates: A Role for Free Fatty Acids in Insect Elicitor-Induced Long Distance Signaling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Defense Priming and Jasmonates: A Role for Free Fatty Acids in Insect Elicitor-Induced Long Distance Signaling |
| title_short | Defense Priming and Jasmonates: A Role for Free Fatty Acids in Insect Elicitor-Induced Long Distance Signaling |
| title_sort | defense priming and jasmonates a role for free fatty acids in insect elicitor induced long distance signaling |
| topic | jasmonic acid green leaf volatiles free fatty acids linolenic acid palmitoleic acid plant volatiles signaling insect elicitor |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/5/1/5 |
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