Inconel 625/AISI 413 Stainless Steel Functionally Graded Material Produced by Direct Laser Deposition
Functionally graded material (FGM) based on Inconel 625 and AISI 431 stainless steel powders was produced by applying the direct laser deposition (DLD) process. The FGM starts with layers of Inconel 625 and ends with layers of 431 stainless steel having three intermediate zones with the composition...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/19/5595 |
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| author | André Alves Ferreira Omid Emadinia João Manuel Cruz Ana Rosanete Reis Manuel Fernando Vieira |
| author_facet | André Alves Ferreira Omid Emadinia João Manuel Cruz Ana Rosanete Reis Manuel Fernando Vieira |
| author_sort | André Alves Ferreira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Functionally graded material (FGM) based on Inconel 625 and AISI 431 stainless steel powders was produced by applying the direct laser deposition (DLD) process. The FGM starts with layers of Inconel 625 and ends with layers of 431 stainless steel having three intermediate zones with the composition (100-X)% Inconel 625-X% 431 stainless steel, X = 25, 50, and 75, in that order. This FGM was deposited on a 42CrMo4 steel substrate, with and without preheating. Microstructures of these FGMs were evaluated, while considering the distribution of chemical composition and grain structure. Microstructures mainly consisted of columnar grains independent of preheating condition; epitaxial growth was observed. The application of a non-preheated substrate caused the formation of planar grains in the vicinity of the substrate. In addition, hardness maps were produced. The hardness distribution across these FGMs confirmed a smooth transition between deposited layers; however, the heat-affected zone was greatly influenced by the preheating condition. This study suggests that an optimum Inconel 625/AISI 431 FGM obtained by DLD should not exceed 50% AISI 431 stainless steel. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:56:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c4f528d238d4a6bb4640089221b26e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:56:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c4f528d238d4a6bb4640089221b26e62023-11-22T16:24:12ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-09-011419559510.3390/ma14195595Inconel 625/AISI 413 Stainless Steel Functionally Graded Material Produced by Direct Laser DepositionAndré Alves Ferreira0Omid Emadinia1João Manuel Cruz2Ana Rosanete Reis3Manuel Fernando Vieira4Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLAETA/INEGI—Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalSERMEC-Group, R. de Montezelo 540, 4425-348 Maia, PortugalFaculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalFunctionally graded material (FGM) based on Inconel 625 and AISI 431 stainless steel powders was produced by applying the direct laser deposition (DLD) process. The FGM starts with layers of Inconel 625 and ends with layers of 431 stainless steel having three intermediate zones with the composition (100-X)% Inconel 625-X% 431 stainless steel, X = 25, 50, and 75, in that order. This FGM was deposited on a 42CrMo4 steel substrate, with and without preheating. Microstructures of these FGMs were evaluated, while considering the distribution of chemical composition and grain structure. Microstructures mainly consisted of columnar grains independent of preheating condition; epitaxial growth was observed. The application of a non-preheated substrate caused the formation of planar grains in the vicinity of the substrate. In addition, hardness maps were produced. The hardness distribution across these FGMs confirmed a smooth transition between deposited layers; however, the heat-affected zone was greatly influenced by the preheating condition. This study suggests that an optimum Inconel 625/AISI 431 FGM obtained by DLD should not exceed 50% AISI 431 stainless steel.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/19/5595functionally graded materialdirect laser depositionmicrostructurechemical compositionhardness |
| spellingShingle | André Alves Ferreira Omid Emadinia João Manuel Cruz Ana Rosanete Reis Manuel Fernando Vieira Inconel 625/AISI 413 Stainless Steel Functionally Graded Material Produced by Direct Laser Deposition Materials functionally graded material direct laser deposition microstructure chemical composition hardness |
| title | Inconel 625/AISI 413 Stainless Steel Functionally Graded Material Produced by Direct Laser Deposition |
| title_full | Inconel 625/AISI 413 Stainless Steel Functionally Graded Material Produced by Direct Laser Deposition |
| title_fullStr | Inconel 625/AISI 413 Stainless Steel Functionally Graded Material Produced by Direct Laser Deposition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inconel 625/AISI 413 Stainless Steel Functionally Graded Material Produced by Direct Laser Deposition |
| title_short | Inconel 625/AISI 413 Stainless Steel Functionally Graded Material Produced by Direct Laser Deposition |
| title_sort | inconel 625 aisi 413 stainless steel functionally graded material produced by direct laser deposition |
| topic | functionally graded material direct laser deposition microstructure chemical composition hardness |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/19/5595 |
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